Hay veces en las que queremos cambiar el escritorio de nuestro ubuntu. Y aunque tengamos una distribución Kubuntu (con Kde), Ubuntu (con Gnome) o Xubuntu (con Xfce), no significa que no podamos cambiar el escritorio. En este artículo vamos a ver como cambiar de escritorio en ubuntu o lo que es lo mismo, como cambiar de distribución de ubuntu.

Aunque hay un paquete que instala todos los paquetes necesarios de cada escritorio en ubuntu, para desinstalarlo no vale con desinstalar este paquete. Sino que hay que desinstalar todos los paquetes y como en cada versión de ubuntu, los programas por defecto han variado, para quitar cada escritorio tendremos que desinstalar unos paquetes u otros. A continuación tenemos los comandos para desinstalar e instalar cada escritorio para todas las distribuciones de ubuntu:

• En Ubuntu Lucid (10.04):
  • Gnome:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove adium-theme-ubuntu alacarte app-install-data-partner binfmt-support binutils bluez-gstreamer branding-ubuntu brltty brltty-x11 capplets-data checkbox checkbox-gtk cli-common compiz compiz-core compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-gnome compiz-plugins compizconfig-backend-gconf computer-janitor computer-janitor-gtk couchdb-bin dcraw desktopcouch empathy empathy-common eog erlang-base erlang-crypto erlang-inets erlang-mnesia erlang-public-key erlang-runtime-tools erlang-ssl erlang-syntax-tools erlang-xmerl evolution evolution-common evolution-couchdb evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common evolution-exchange evolution-indicator evolution-plugins evolution-webcal example-content f-spot gbrainy gcc gcc-4.4 gconf-defaults-service gconf-editor gdm-guest-session gedit gedit-common gnome-about gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-bluetooth gnome-control-center gnome-disk-utility gnome-media gnome-media-common gnome-nettool gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver gnome-session gnome-session-canberra gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes-selected gnome-themes-ubuntu gnome-user-share gnome-utils gstreamer0.10-gnonlin gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-tools gvfs-fuse gwibber gwibber-service humanity-icon-theme ibus ibus-gtk ibus-m17n ibus-table indicator-applet indicator-applet-session indicator-me indicator-messages indicator-session indicator-sound libanthy0 libart2.0-cil libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcamel1.2-14 libcanberra-pulse libcompizconfig0 libcouchdb-glib-1.0-2 libcryptui0 libdecoration0 libdesktopcouch-glib-1.0-2 libebackend1.2-0 libebook1.2-9 libecal1.2-7 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-6 libedataserver1.2-11 libedataserverui1.2-8 libegroupwise1.2-13 libexchange-storage1.2-3 libexempi3 libflickrnet2.2-cil libgail-gnome-module libgconf2.0-cil libgd2-xpm libgdata-google1.2-1 libgdata1.2-1 libgdict-1.0-6 libgdiplus libgdu-gtk0 libgif4 libglade2.0-cil libglib2.0-cil libglitz-glx1 libglitz1 libgmime2.4-cil libgnome-keyring1.0-cil libgnome-media0 libgnome-pilot2 libgnome-vfs2.0-cil libgnome-window-settings1 libgnome2.24-cil libgnomepanel2.24-cil libgoocanvas-common libgoocanvas3 libgpgme11 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgraphite3 libgtk2.0-cil libgtkhtml-editor-common libgtkhtml-editor0 libgtkhtml3.14-19 libgtksourceview2.0-0 libgtksourceview2.0-common libgweather-common libgweather1 libhyphen0 libibus1 libical0 libido-0.1-0 liblaunchpad-integration1.0-cil liblpint-bonobo0 libm17n-0 libmetacity-private0 libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil libmono-addins0.2-cil libmono-cairo2.0-cil libmono-corlib2.0-cil libmono-data-tds2.0-cil libmono-i18n-west2.0-cil libmono-posix2.0-cil libmono-security2.0-cil libmono-sharpzip2.84-cil libmono-sqlite2.0-cil libmono-system-data2.0-cil libmono-system-runtime2.0-cil libmono-system-web2.0-cil libmono-system2.0-cil libmono2.0-cil libmtp8 libmusicbrainz4c2a libndesk-dbus-glib1.0-cil libndesk-dbus1.0-cil libneon27-gnutls libnunit2.4-cil libotf0 libpisock9 libpisync1 libprotobuf5 libprotoc5 libpst4 libpth20 libraptor1 librasqal2 librdf0 libsctp1 libsdl1.2debian-pulseaudio libsqlite0 libstlport4.6ldbl libtelepathy-farsight0 libubuntuone-1.0-1 libupower-glib1 libwmf0.2-7-gtk light-themes linux-headers-2.6.32-21 linux-headers-2.6.32-21-generic linux-headers-generic linux-libc-dev lksctp-tools m17n-contrib m17n-db manpages-dev media-player-info metacity metacity-common mono-2.0-gac mono-gac mono-runtime mousetweaks nautilus nautilus-data nautilus-sendto nautilus-sendto-empathy nautilus-share obexd-client openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-emailmerge openoffice.org-gnome openoffice.org-gtk openoffice.org-help-en-us openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-galaxy openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer pitivi pkg-config plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo protobuf-compiler pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-gconf python-avahi python-configglue python-couchdb python-crypto python-desktopcouch python-desktopcouch-records python-egenix-mxdatetime python-egenix-mxtools python-farsight python-fstab python-gnomekeyring python-gtksourceview2 python-gtkspell python-ibus python-indicate python-mako python-openssl python-pam python-papyon python-protobuf python-pycurl python-pygoocanvas python-pyinotify python-serial python-telepathy python-twisted-bin python-twisted-core python-twisted-names python-twisted-web python-ubuntuone python-ubuntuone-client python-ubuntuone-storageprotocol python-uno python-wnck rdesktop rhythmbox rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugins rhythmbox-ubuntuone-music-store screen-resolution-extra seahorse ssh-askpass-gnome telepathy-butterfly telepathy-gabble telepathy-haze telepathy-idle telepathy-mission-control-5 telepathy-salut tomboy tsclient ubuntu-artwork ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs ubuntu-mono ubuntu-sounds ubuntu-system-service ubuntu-wallpapers ubuntuone-client ubuntuone-client-gnome uno-libs3 upower ure vino whois xdg-user-dirs-gtk xfonts-mathml

  • KDE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove akonadi-server akregator amarok amarok-common amarok-utils apport-kde apturl-kde ark brltty cdrdao dolphin dragonplayer exiv2 foomatic-db-gutenprint freespacenotifier gdebi-kde gnupg-agent gtk2-engines-qtcurve gwenview hpijs-ppds ibus-qt4 icoutils ijsgutenprint install-package jockey-kde k3b k3b-data kaddressbook kamera kate kbluetooth kcalc kcm-gtk kcm-touchpad kde-window-manager kde-zeroconf kdebase-bin kdebase-data kdebase-plasma kdebase-runtime kdebase-runtime-data kdebase-workspace kdebase-workspace-bin kdebase-workspace-data kdebase-workspace-kgreet-plugins kdegraphics-strigi-plugins kdelibs-bin kdelibs5 kdelibs5-data kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdepasswd kdepim-groupware kdepim-kresources kdepim-runtime kdepim-strigi-plugins kdepim-wizards kdepimlibs-data kdepimlibs5 kdesudo kdm kfind khelpcenter4 klipper kmag kmail kmix kmousetool knm-runtime knotes konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konqueror-plugin-searchbar konsole kontact kopete kopete-message-indicator korganizer kpackagekit kppp krdc krfb krosspython ksnapshot ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktimetracker ktorrent ktorrent-data kubuntu-debug-installer kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-firefox-installer kubuntu-konqueror-shortcuts kubuntu-notification-helper kvkbd kwalletmanager language-selector-qt libakonadiprivate1 libao2 libattica0 libaudio2 libboost-program-options1.40.0 libclucene0ldbl libdbusmenu-qt2 libepub0 libexiv2-6 libflac++6 libgif4 libgpgme11 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgraphite3 libhyphen0 libibus-qt1 libical0 libindicate-qt0 libiodbc2 libk3b6 libkcddb4 libkdcraw8 libkdecorations4 libkdepim4 libkephal4 libkexiv2-8 libkfontinst4 libkipi7 libkleo4 libkonq5 libkonq5-templates libkonqsidebarplugin4 libkopete4 libkpgp4 libkscreensaver5 libksgrd4 libksieve4 libksignalplotter4 libkwineffects1 libkworkspace4 liblastfm0 libmimelib4 libmodplug0c2 libmpcdec3 libmsn0.3 libmtp8 libmusicbrainz4c2a libmysqlclient16 libneon27-gnutls libokularcore1 libpackagekit-glib2-12 libpackagekit-qt-12 libphonon4 libplasma-applet-system-monitor4 libplasma-geolocation-interface4 libplasma3 libplasmaclock4 libplasmagenericshell4 libpolkit-qt-1-0 libpoppler-qt4-3 libprocesscore4 libprocessui4 libpth20 libqca2 libqca2-plugin-ossl libqimageblitz4 libqt4-assistant libqt4-dbus libqt4-designer libqt4-help libqt4-network libqt4-opengl libqt4-qt3support libqt4-script libqt4-scripttools libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-sql-sqlite libqt4-svg libqt4-test libqt4-webkit libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtcore4 libqtgui4 libqtscript4-core libqtscript4-gui libqtscript4-network libqtscript4-sql libqtscript4-uitools libqtscript4-xml libraptor1 librasqal2 librdf0 libsolidcontrol4 libsolidcontrolifaces4 libsoprano4 libssh-4 libstlport4.6ldbl libstreamanalyzer0 libstreams0 libtag-extras1 libtaskmanager4 libvncserver0 libweather-ion4 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-xv0 libxine1 libxine1-bin libxine1-console libxine1-misc-plugins libxine1-x libzip1 mysql-client-core-5.1 mysql-common mysql-server-core-5.1 network-manager-kde okular okular-extra-backends openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-emailmerge openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-kde openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-galaxy openoffice.org-style-oxygen openoffice.org-writer oxygen-cursor-theme oxygen-icon-theme oxygen-icon-theme-complete packagekit packagekit-backend-apt phonon phonon-backend-xine pinentry-gtk2 pinentry-qt4 plasma-dataengines-addons plasma-dataengines-workspace plasma-desktop plasma-scriptengine-javascript plasma-scriptengine-python plasma-widget-facebook plasma-widget-folderview plasma-widget-kimpanel plasma-widget-kimpanel-backend-ibus plasma-widget-kubuntu-feedback plasma-widget-message-indicator plasma-widget-quickaccess plasma-widgets-addons plasma-widgets-workspace plymouth-theme-kubuntu-logo polkit-kde-1 printer-applet python-kde4 python-packagekit python-qt4 python-qt4-dbus python-sip python-uno quassel quassel-data rdesktop shared-desktop-ontologies software-properties-kde soprano-daemon system-config-printer-kde systemsettings ttf-dejavu ttf-dejavu-extra uno-libs3 update-manager-kde ure usb-creator-kde userconfig virtuoso-nepomuk xfonts-mathml
  • XFCE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove a2ps abiword abiword-common abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview app-install-data-commercial aumix aumix-common catfish exaile exo-utils fortune-mod fortunes-min gigolo gimp gimp-data gnumeric gnumeric-common gnumeric-doc gtk2-engines-xfce libabiword-2.8 libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libbabl-0.0-0 libexo-0.3-0 libexo-common libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libgegl-0.0-0 libgimp2.0 libgoffice-0.8-8 libgoffice-0.8-8-common libgtkmathview0c2a libjpeg-progs liblink-grammar4 libmng1 libotr2 libots0 libpsiconv6 librecode0 libscim8c2a libsdl1.2debian-alsa libsexy2 libt1-5 libtagc0 libthunar-vfs-1-2 libwv-1.2-3 libxcb-keysyms1 libxfce4menu-0.1-0 libxfce4util-bin libxfce4util-common libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 libxfconf-0-2 libxmlrpc-core-c3 link-grammar-dictionaries-en mousepad murrine-themes orage oss-compat pidgin pidgin-data pidgin-libnotify pidgin-otr psutils python-cddb python-mmkeys python-mutagen python-sexy ristretto scim scim-bridge-agent scim-bridge-client-gtk scim-gtk2-immodule scim-modules-socket scim-modules-table scim-tables-additional tango-icon-theme tango-icon-theme-common tcl thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-data thunar-media-tags-plugin thunar-thumbnailers thunar-volman thunderbird ttf-lyx usb-creator vim-runtime wdiff xchat xchat-common xfce-keyboard-shortcuts xfce4-appfinder xfce4-clipman xfce4-clipman-plugin xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict xfce4-fsguard-plugin xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-mixer xfce4-mount-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-panel xfce4-places-plugin xfce4-power-manager xfce4-power-manager-data xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter xfce4-session xfce4-settings xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-terminal xfce4-utils xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-volumed xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfconf xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfprint4 xfswitch-plugin xfwm4 xfwm4-themes xscreensaver xubuntu-artwork xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs xubuntu-gdm-theme xubuntu-icon-theme xubuntu-plymouth-theme xubuntu-wallpapers
• En Ubuntu Karmic (9.10):
  • Gnome:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove alacarte app-install-data-partner aptdaemon binfmt-support brltty brltty-x11 capplets-data checkbox checkbox-gtk cli-common compiz compiz-core compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-gnome compiz-plugins compiz-wrapper compizconfig-backend-gconf computer-janitor computer-janitor-gtk couchdb-bin dcraw desktopcouch devicekit-power empathy empathy-doc eog erlang-base erlang-crypto erlang-inets erlang-mnesia erlang-public-key erlang-runtime-tools erlang-ssl erlang-syntax-tools erlang-xmerl evolution evolution-common evolution-couchdb evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common evolution-documentation-en evolution-exchange evolution-indicator evolution-plugins evolution-webcal example-content f-spot gconf-defaults-service gconf-editor gdm-guest-session gedit gedit-common gnome-about gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-bluetooth gnome-control-center gnome-disk-utility gnome-media gnome-media-common gnome-menus gnome-nettool gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-pilot gnome-pilot-conduits gnome-power-manager gnome-session gnome-session-canberra gnome-settings-daemon gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes-selected gnome-themes-ubuntu gnome-user-guide gnome-utils gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gstreamer0.10-tools gvfs-fuse human-theme humanity-icon-theme ibus ibus-gtk ibus-m17n ibus-table indicator-applet indicator-applet-session indicator-messages indicator-session libanthy0 libart2.0-cil libcamel1.2-14 libcanberra-pulse libcolamd2.7.1 libcompizconfig0 libcouchdb-glib-1.0-1 libcryptui0 libdbusmenu-glib0 libdbusmenu-gtk0 libdecoration0 libebackend1.2-0 libebook1.2-9 libecal1.2-7 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-6 libedataserver1.2-11 libedataserverui1.2-8 libegroupwise1.2-13 libempathy-common libempathy-gtk-common libempathy-gtk28 libempathy30 libexchange-storage1.2-3 libexempi3 libflickrnet2.2-cil libgconf2.0-cil libgd2-xpm libgdata-google1.2-1 libgdata1.2-1 libgdict-1.0-6 libgdiplus libgdu-gtk0 libglade2.0-cil libglib2.0-cil libglitz-glx1 libglitz1 libgmime-2.0-2a libgmime2.2a-cil libgnome-keyring1.0-cil libgnome-media0 libgnome-pilot2 libgnome-vfs2.0-cil libgnome-window-settings1 libgnome2.24-cil libgnomepanel2.24-cil libgpod-common libgpod4 libgtk2.0-cil libgtkhtml-editor-common libgtkhtml-editor0 libgtkhtml3.14-19 libgtksourceview2.0-0 libgtksourceview2.0-common libgweather-common libgweather1 libhyphen0 libibus1 libical0 libjson-glib-1.0-0 liblpint-bonobo0 libm17n-0 libmetacity0 libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil libmono-addins0.2-cil libmono-cairo2.0-cil libmono-corlib2.0-cil libmono-data-tds2.0-cil libmono-i18n-west2.0-cil libmono-posix2.0-cil libmono-security2.0-cil libmono-sharpzip2.84-cil libmono-sqlite2.0-cil libmono-system-data2.0-cil libmono-system-web2.0-cil libmono-system2.0-cil libmono2.0-cil libmtp8 libmusicbrainz4c2a libmysqlclient16 libndesk-dbus-glib1.0-cil libndesk-dbus1.0-cil libneon27-gnutls libotf0 libpisock9 libpisync1 libpq5 libprotobuf3 libpst4 libpulse-browse0 libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libraptor1 librasqal1 librdf0 libsctp1 libspeexdsp1 libsqlite0 libstlport4.6ldbl libtelepathy-farsight0 libwebkit-1.0-2 libwebkit-1.0-common libwmf0.2-7-gtk lksctp-tools lp-solve m17n-contrib m17n-db media-player-info mesa-utils metacity metacity-common mono-2.0-gac mono-gac mono-runtime mousetweaks mysql-common nautilus nautilus-data nautilus-sendto nautilus-share obexd-client openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-emailmerge openoffice.org-gnome openoffice.org-gtk openoffice.org-help-en-us openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-galaxy openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer pkg-config protobuf-compiler pulseaudio pulseaudio-esound-compat pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-gconf pulseaudio-module-udev pulseaudio-module-x11 pulseaudio-utils python-aptdaemon python-aptdaemon-gtk python-avahi python-configglue python-couchdb python-crypto python-desktopcouch python-desktopcouch-records python-fstab python-gmenu python-gnomeapplet python-gnomekeyring python-gtksourceview2 python-ibus python-openssl python-pam python-papyon python-protobuf python-pyinotify python-rsvg python-serial python-telepathy python-twisted-bin python-twisted-core python-twisted-names python-twisted-web python-ubuntuone-client python-ubuntuone-storageprotocol python-uno python-webkit raptor-utils rdesktop redland-utils rhythmbox screen-resolution-extra seahorse software-center ssh-askpass-gnome telepathy-butterfly telepathy-gabble telepathy-haze telepathy-idle telepathy-mission-control-5 telepathy-salut tomboy tsclient ubuntu-artwork ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs ubuntu-sounds ubuntu-system-service ubuntu-wallpapers ubuntuone-client ubuntuone-client-gnome uno-libs3 ure vino whois xdg-user-dirs-gtk xfonts-mathml
  • KDE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove akonadi-server akregator amarok amarok-common amarok-utils apport-kde apturl-kde ark brltty cdrdao dolphin dragonplayer exiv2 foomatic-db-gutenprint gdebi-kde gnupg-agent gtk2-engines-qtcurve gwenview hpijs-ppds ibus-qt4 ijsgutenprint install-package jockey-kde k3b k3b-data kaddressbook kamera kate kcm-gtk kde-icons-oxygen kde-style-qtcurve kde-window-manager kde-zeroconf kdebase-bin kdebase-data kdebase-plasma kdebase-runtime kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4 kdebase-runtime-data kdebase-runtime-data-common kdebase-workspace-bin kdebase-workspace-data kdebase-workspace-kgreet-plugins kdebase-workspace-libs4+5 kdebluetooth kdegraphics-strigi-plugins kdelibs-bin kdelibs5 kdelibs5-data kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdepasswd kdepim-groupware kdepim-kresources kdepim-runtime kdepim-runtime-data kdepim-runtime-libs4 kdepim-strigi-plugins kdepim-wizards kdepimlibs-data kdepimlibs5 kdesudo kdm kfind khelpcenter4 kipi-plugins klipper kmag kmail kmix kmousetool knotes konq-plugins konq-plugins-l10n konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konqueror-plugin-searchbar konqueror-plugins konsole kontact kopete korganizer kpackagekit kppp krdc krfb ksnapshot ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktimetracker ktorrent ktorrent-data kubuntu-artwork-usplash kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-firefox-installer kubuntu-konqueror-shortcuts kvkbd kwalletmanager kwin-style-qtcurve language-selector-qt libakonadiprivate1 libao2 libaudio2 libboost-program-options1.38.0 libclucene0ldbl libcolamd2.7.1 libepub0 libexiv2-5 libfftw3-3 libflac++6 libgpod-common libgpod4 libhyphen0 libical0 libindicate-qt0 libjpeg-progs libk3b6 libkabcommon4 libkcddb4 libkdcraw7 libkdecorations4 libkdepim4 libkexiv2-7 libkipi6 libkleo4 libknotificationitem1 libkonq5 libkonq5-templates libkonqsidebarplugin4 libkontactinterfaces4 libkopete4 libkorundum4-ruby1.8 libkpgp4 libksane0 libksieve4 libkwineffects1 liblancelot0 liblastfm0 liblzma0 libmimelib4 libmodplug0c2 libmpcdec3 libmsn0.1 libmtp8 libmusicbrainz4c2a libmysqlclient16 libneon27-gnutls libokularcore1 libpackagekit-glib11 libpackagekit-qt11 libplasma3 libpolkit-qt0 libpoppler-qt4-3 libpq5 libqca2 libqca2-plugin-ossl libqimageblitz4 libqscintilla2-5 libqt4-assistant libqt4-dbus libqt4-designer libqt4-help libqt4-network libqt4-opengl libqt4-phonon libqt4-qt3support libqt4-ruby1.8 libqt4-script libqt4-scripttools libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-sql-sqlite libqt4-svg libqt4-test libqt4-webkit libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtcore4 libqtgui4 libqtscript4-core libqtscript4-gui libqtscript4-network libqtscript4-sql libqtscript4-uitools libqtscript4-xml libraptor1 librasqal1 librdf0 libruby1.8 libsmokekde4-2 libsmokeqt4-2 libsoprano4 libstlport4.6ldbl libstreamanalyzer0 libstreams0 libstrigiqtdbusclient0 libtag-extras1 libtidy-0.99-0 libvncserver0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-xv0 libxine1 libxine1-bin libxine1-console libxine1-misc-plugins libxine1-x libzip1 lp-solve mysql-common mysql-server-core-5.1 okular okular-extra-backends openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-emailmerge openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-kde openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-galaxy openoffice.org-style-oxygen openoffice.org-writer oxygen-cursor-theme packagekit packagekit-backend-apt phonon-backend-xine pinentry-gtk2 pinentry-qt4 plasma-dataengines-addons plasma-dataengines-workspace plasma-scriptengine-python plasma-widget-facebook plasma-widget-folderview plasma-widget-googlecalendar plasma-widget-indicatordisplay plasma-widget-kimpanel plasma-widget-kubuntu-qa-feedback plasma-widget-lancelot plasma-widget-networkmanagement plasma-widget-quickaccess plasma-widgets-addons plasma-widgets-workspace printer-applet python-kde4 python-packagekit python-qt4 python-qt4-dbus python-sip4 python-uno quassel quassel-data raptor-utils rdesktop redland-utils ruby ruby1.8 software-properties-kde soprano-daemon speedcrunch system-config-printer-kde systemsettings uno-libs3 update-manager-kde update-notifier-kde ure usb-creator-kde userconfig xfonts-mathml
  • XFCE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove a2ps abiword abiword-common abiword-help abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview abiword-plugins app-install-data-commercial catfish exaile exo-utils feh fortune-mod fortunes-min giblib1 gigolo gnome-app-install gnumeric gnumeric-common gnumeric-doc gtk2-engines-xfce imagemagick libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libexo-0.3-0 libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libgnomecups1.0-1 libgnomeprint2.2-0 libgnomeprint2.2-data libgnomeprintui2.2-0 libgnomeprintui2.2-common libgoffice-0-8 libgoffice-0-8-common libgtkmathview0c2a libid3tag0 libimlib2 liblink-grammar4 libotr2 libots0 libpolkit-dbus2 libpolkit-gnome0 libpolkit-grant2 libpolkit2 librecode0 libscim8c2a libt1-5 libtagc0 libthunar-vfs-1-2 libwv-1.2-3 libxcb-keysyms1 libxfce4menu-0.1-0 libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 libxfconf-0-2 libxmlrpc-core-c3 link-grammar-dictionaries-en mousepad orage pidgin pidgin-data pidgin-libnotify pidgin-otr policykit policykit-gnome psutils python-cddb python-mmkeys python-mutagen ristretto scim scim-bridge-agent scim-bridge-client-gtk scim-gtk2-immodule scim-modules-socket scim-modules-table scim-tables-additional tango-icon-theme tango-icon-theme-common tcl thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-data thunar-media-tags-plugin thunar-thumbnailers thunar-volman thunderbird ttf-arphic-uming ttf-liberation usb-creator usplash-theme-xubuntu vim-runtime wdiff xchat xchat-common xfce4-appfinder xfce4-battery-plugin xfce4-clipman-plugin xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict xfce4-fsguard-plugin xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-mixer xfce4-mount-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-panel xfce4-places-plugin xfce4-power-manager xfce4-power-manager-data xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter xfce4-session xfce4-settings xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-terminal xfce4-utils xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-volumed xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfconf xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfprint4 xfswitch-plugin xfwm4 xfwm4-themes xubuntu-artwork xubuntu-artwork-usplash xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs xubuntu-gdm-theme xubuntu-wallpapers
• En Ubuntu Jaunty (9.04):
  • Gnome:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove alacarte app-install-data-partner binfmt-support brltty brltty-x11 capplets-data checkbox checkbox-gtk cli-common compiz compiz-core compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-gnome compiz-plugins compiz-wrapper compizconfig-backend-gconf computer-janitor computer-janitor-gtk contact-lookup-applet dcraw ekiga eog evolution evolution-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common evolution-documentation-en evolution-exchange evolution-indicator evolution-plugins evolution-webcal example-content f-spot fast-user-switch-applet firefox-gnome-support gconf-editor gdm-guest-session gedit gedit-common gnome-about gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-codec-install gnome-control-center gnome-menus gnome-nettool gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-pilot gnome-pilot-conduits gnome-session gnome-session-canberra gnome-settings-daemon gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes-selected gnome-themes-ubuntu gnome-utils gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gstreamer0.10-schroedinger gstreamer0.10-tools gvfs-fuse human-icon-theme human-theme indicator-applet indicator-messages libart2.24-cil libasound2-plugins libcolamd-3.2.0 libcompizconfig0 libdecoration0 libebackend1.2-0 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-6 libedataserverui1.2-8 libegroupwise1.2-13 libexchange-storage1.2-3 libexempi3 libflickrnet2.1.5-cil libgconf2.24-cil libgdata-google1.2-1 libgdata1.2-1 libgdict-1.0-6 libgdiplus libgif4 libglade2.0-cil libglib2.0-cil libglitz-glx1 libglitz1 libgmime-2.0-2a libgmime2.2a-cil libgnome-keyring1.0-cil libgnome-pilot2 libgnome-vfs2.24-cil libgnome-window-settings1 libgnome2.24-cil libgnomepanel2.24-cil libgnomevfs2-bin libgpod-common libgpod4 libgsm1 libgtk2.0-cil libgtkhtml-editor-common libgtkhtml-editor0 libgtkhtml3.14-19 libhyphen0 libicu38 libindicate1 liblpint-bonobo0 libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil libmono-addins0.2-cil libmono-cairo2.0-cil libmono-corlib2.0-cil libmono-data-tds2.0-cil libmono-data2.0-cil libmono-getoptions2.0-cil libmono-i18n2.0-cil libmono-posix2.0-cil libmono-security2.0-cil libmono-sharpzip2.84-cil libmono-sqlite2.0-cil libmono-system-data2.0-cil libmono-system-web2.0-cil libmono-system2.0-cil libmono0 libmono2.0-cil libmtp8 libndesk-dbus-glib1.0-cil libndesk-dbus1.0-cil libneon27 libopal3.6.1 libpisock9 libpisync1 libprotobuf3 libpt2.6.1 libpt2.6.1-plugins-alsa libpt2.6.1-plugins-v4l2 libpulsecore9 libsamplerate0 libschroedinger-1.0-0 libsgutils1 libspeexdsp1 libsqlite0 libstlport4.6ldbl libunique-1.0-0 libwmf0.2-7-gtk libwps-0.1-1 lp-solve mesa-utils metacity mono-2.0-gac mono-2.0-runtime mono-common mono-gac mono-jit mono-runtime mousetweaks mtools nautilus nautilus-data nautilus-sendto nautilus-share notify-osd openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-emailmerge openoffice.org-gnome openoffice.org-gtk openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer pidgin-libnotify pkg-config pulseaudio pulseaudio-esound-compat pulseaudio-module-gconf pulseaudio-module-hal pulseaudio-module-x11 python-fstab python-gmenu python-gtksourceview2 python-uno rdesktop rhythmbox screen-resolution-extra sg3-utils syslinux tangerine-icon-theme tomboy tsclient ubuntu-artwork ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs ubuntu-gdm-themes ubuntu-sounds ubuntu-system-service ubuntu-wallpapers uno-libs3 ure usb-creator usplash-theme-ubuntu vino whois xdg-user-dirs-gtk
  • KDE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove akregator amarok amarok-common apport-qt ark brltty cdrdao compiz-wrapper dolphin dontzap dragonplayer exiv2 foomatic-db-gutenprint gdebi-kde gnupg-agent gtk2-engines-qtcurve gwenview hpijs-ppds ijsgutenprint install-package jockey-kde k3b k3b-data kaddressbook kamera kate kde-icons-oxygen kde-printer-applet kde-style-qtcurve kde-window-manager kde-zeroconf kdebase-bin kdebase-data kdebase-plasma kdebase-runtime kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4 kdebase-runtime-data kdebase-runtime-data-common kdebase-workspace-bin kdebase-workspace-data kdebase-workspace-libs4+5 kdebluetooth kdegraphics-strigi-plugins kdelibs-bin kdelibs-data kdelibs4c2a kdelibs5 kdelibs5-data kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdepasswd kdepim-kresources kdepim-strigi-plugins kdepim-wizards kdepimlibs-data kdepimlibs5 kdeplasma-addons kdeplasma-addons-data kdesudo kdm kfind khelpcenter4 klipper kmag kmail kmix kmousetool knotes konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konqueror-plugin-searchbar konsole kontact kopete korganizer kpackagekit krdc krfb ksnapshot ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktimetracker ktorrent ktorrent-data kubuntu-artwork-usplash kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-konqueror-shortcuts kuser kvkbd kwalletmanager language-selector-qt libakonadiprivate1 libao2 libaudio2 libavahi-qt3-1 libboost-program-options1.35.0 libclucene0ldbl libcolamd-3.2.0 libdbus-qt-1-1c2 libeet1 libexiv2-5 libflac++6 libgeoip1 libgif4 libgpod4-nogtk libhyphen0 libicu38 libk3b3 libk3b3-extracodecs libkcddb4 libkdecorations4 libkdepim4 libkexiv2-7 libkholidays4 libkipi6 libkleo4 libkonq5 libkonq5-templates libkpgp4 libksieve4 libkwineffects1 liblua50 liblualib50 libmimelib4 libmodplug0c2 libmsn0.1 libmtp8 libmysqlclient15off libneon27 libokularcore1 libpackagekit-glib11 libpackagekit-qt11 libphonon4 libplasma3 libpoppler-qt4-3 libpq5 libqca2 libqca2-plugin-ossl libqedje0 libqimageblitz4 libqt3-mt libqt4-assistant libqt4-core libqt4-dbus libqt4-designer libqt4-help libqt4-network libqt4-opengl libqt4-qt3support libqt4-script libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-sql-sqlite libqt4-svg libqt4-test libqt4-webkit libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtcore4 libqtgui4 libqzion0 libraptor1 librasqal1 librdf0 libsamplerate0 libsearchclient0 libsoprano4 libstlport4.6ldbl libstreamanalyzer0 libstreams0 libstrigihtmlgui0 libstrigiqtdbusclient0 libvncserver0 libwps-0.1-1 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-xv0 libxine1 libxine1-bin libxine1-console libxine1-misc-plugins libxine1-x libzip1 lp-solve mesa-utils mysql-common okular okular-extra-backends openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-emailmerge openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-kde openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-crystal openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer oxygen-cursor-theme packagekit packagekit-backend-apt phonon phonon-backend-xine pinentry-gtk2 pinentry-qt4 plasma-widget-network-manager plasma-widget-quickaccess python-dev python-kde4 python-packagekit python-plasma python-qt4 python-qt4-common python-qt4-dbus python-sip4 python-uno python2.6-dev qt4-qtconfig quassel quassel-data raptor-utils rdesktop redland-utils software-properties-kde soprano-daemon speedcrunch strigi-client strigi-daemon system-config-printer-kde systemsettings uno-libs3 update-manager-kde update-notifier-kde ure
  • XFCE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove a2ps abiword abiword-common abiword-help abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview abiword-plugins app-install-data-commercial aumix catfish cupsys-driver-gutenprint exo-utils fortune-mod fortunes-min gigolo gnumeric gnumeric-common gnumeric-doc gnumeric-gtk gpicview gtk2-engines-xfce imagemagick imagemagick-doc latex-xft-fonts libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libdiscid0 libexo-0.3-0 libfftw3-3 libgda3-3 libgda3-bin libgda3-common libgdl-1-0 libgdl-1-common libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libgoffice-0-6 libgoffice-0-6-common libgoffice-gtk-0-6 libgsf-gnome-1-114 libgtkmathview0c2a liblink-grammar4 libloudmouth1-0 libmad0 libmpcdec3 libnotify-bin libofa0 libots0 librecode0 libt1-5 libtagc0 libthunar-vfs-1-2 libtunepimp5 libwv-1.2-3 libxfce4menu-0.1-0 libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 libxfconf-0-2 link-grammar-dictionaries-en listen mousepad mozilla-thunderbird orage oss-compat psutils python-gnome2-extras python-musicbrainz2 python-mutagen python-ogg python-pymad python-pyogg python-pysqlite2 python-pyvorbis python-tunepimp scim-modules-table scim-tables-additional tango-icon-theme tango-icon-theme-common tcl8.4 thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-data thunar-media-tags-plugin thunar-thumbnailers thunar-volman thunderbird vim-runtime wdiff xchat xchat-common xfce4-appfinder xfce4-battery-plugin xfce4-clipman-plugin xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict xfce4-dict-plugin xfce4-fsguard-plugin xfce4-governor-plugin xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-mixer xfce4-mount-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-panel xfce4-places-plugin xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter xfce4-session xfce4-settings xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-terminal xfce4-utils xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfconf xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfprint4 xfswitch-plugin xfwm4 xfwm4-themes xubuntu-artwork xubuntu-artwork-usplash xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs
• En Ubuntu Intrepid (8.10):
  • Gnome:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove alacarte binfmt-support brltty brltty-x11 capplets-data cdrdao cli-common compiz compiz-core compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-gnome compiz-plugins compiz-wrapper compizconfig-backend-gconf contact-lookup-applet dcraw deskbar-applet ekiga eog evolution evolution-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common evolution-exchange evolution-plugins evolution-webcal example-content f-spot fast-user-switch-applet firefox-3.0-gnome-support firefox-gnome-support gconf-editor gdm-guest-session gedit gedit-common gnome-about gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-control-center gnome-desktop-data gnome-menus gnome-netstatus-applet gnome-nettool gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-pilot gnome-pilot-conduits gnome-session gnome-settings-daemon gnome-spell gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes gnome-user-guide gnome-utils gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gstreamer0.10-schroedinger gstreamer0.10-tools gvfs-bin gvfs-fuse human-icon-theme human-theme hwtest hwtest-gtk libao2 libart2.0-cil libasound2-plugins libcanberra-gnome libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra0 libcompizconfig0 libdecoration0 libdeskbar-tracker libdirectfb-1.0-0 libebackend1.2-0 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-6 libedataserverui1.2-8 libeel2-2 libeel2-data libegroupwise1.2-13 libexchange-storage1.2-3 libexempi3 libflickrnet2.1.5-cil libgconf2.0-cil libgdata-google1.2-1 libgdata1.2-1 libgdiplus libgif4 libglade2.0-cil libglib2.0-cil libglitz-glx1 libglitz1 libgmime-2.0-2a libgmime2.2-cil libgnome-keyring1.0-cil libgnome-pilot2 libgnome-vfs2.0-cil libgnome-window-settings1 libgnome2.0-cil libgnomevfs2-bin libgpod-common libgpod3 libgtk2.0-cil libgtkhtml-editor-common libgtkhtml-editor0 libgtkhtml3.14-19 libhyphen0 libicu38 liblpint-bonobo0 libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil libmono-addins0.2-cil libmono-cairo1.0-cil libmono-cairo2.0-cil libmono-corlib1.0-cil libmono-corlib2.0-cil libmono-data-tds1.0-cil libmono-data-tds2.0-cil libmono-i18n1.0-cil libmono-i18n2.0-cil libmono-security1.0-cil libmono-security2.0-cil libmono-sharpzip0.84-cil libmono-sharpzip2.84-cil libmono-sqlite2.0-cil libmono-system-data1.0-cil libmono-system-data2.0-cil libmono-system-web1.0-cil libmono-system-web2.0-cil libmono-system1.0-cil libmono-system2.0-cil libmono0 libmono1.0-cil libmono2.0-cil libmtp8 libndesk-dbus-glib1.0-cil libndesk-dbus1.0-cil libneon27 libopal-2.2 libpisock9 libpisync1 libpt-1.10.10 libpt-1.10.10-plugins-alsa libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l2 libpulsecore5 libsamplerate0 libschroedinger-1.0-0 libsdl1.2debian libsdl1.2debian-alsa libsgutils1 libspeexdsp1 libsqlite0 libtracker-gtk0 libts-0.0-0 libwps-0.1-1 libx11-xcb1 mesa-utils metacity mono-common mono-gac mono-jit mono-runtime mousetweaks mtools nautilus nautilus-cd-burner nautilus-data nautilus-sendto nautilus-share openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-emailmerge openoffice.org-gnome openoffice.org-gtk openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer pkg-config pulseaudio pulseaudio-esound-compat pulseaudio-module-gconf pulseaudio-module-hal pulseaudio-module-x11 python-beagle python-gmenu python-gtksourceview2 python-uno rarian-compat rdesktop rhythmbox screen-resolution-extra sg3-utils sqlite sqlite3 syslinux tangerine-icon-theme tomboy tracker tracker-search-tool tracker-utils tsclient ubuntu-artwork ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs ubuntu-gdm-themes ubuntu-system-service ubuntu-wallpapers untex usb-creator usplash-theme-ubuntu vino whois wv xdg-user-dirs xdg-user-dirs-gtk xulrunner-1.9-gnome-support
  • KDE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove adept akregator amarok amarok-common amarok-engine-xine apport-qt ark brltty cdrdao compiz-wrapper dolphin dragonplayer exiv2 foomatic-db-gutenprint gdebi-kde gnupg-agent gtk-qt-engine guidance-power-manager gwenview hpijs-ppds hplip-gui ijsgutenprint install-package jockey-kde k3b k3b-data kaddressbook kamera kate kde-icons-oxygen kde-printer-applet kde-window-manager kde-zeroconf kdebase-bin kdebase-data kdebase-plasma kdebase-runtime kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4 kdebase-runtime-data kdebase-runtime-data-common kdebase-workspace-bin kdebase-workspace-data kdebase-workspace-libs4+5 kdebluetooth kdegraphics-strigi-plugins kdelibs-bin kdelibs-data kdelibs4c2a kdelibs5 kdelibs5-data kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdepasswd kdepim-kresources kdepim-strigi-plugins kdepim-wizards kdepimlibs-data kdepimlibs5 kdeplasma-addons kdeplasma-addons-data kdeplasma-addons-libs4 kdesudo kdm kfind kgrubeditor khelpcenter4 klipper kmag kmail kmix kmousetool knotes konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konqueror-plugin-searchbar konsole kontact konversation kopete korganizer krdc krfb ksnapshot ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktimetracker ktorrent kubuntu-artwork-usplash kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-konqueror-shortcuts kuser kvkbd kwalletmanager language-selector-qt libakonadiprivate1 libao2 libarts1c2a libartsc0 libaudio2 libavahi-qt3-1 libcapseo0 libcaptury0 libclucene0ldbl libdbus-1-qt3 libdbus-qt-1-1c2 libdirectfb-1.0-0 libexiv2-4 libflac++6 libgeoip1 libgif4 libgpod-common libgpod3-nogtk libhyphen0 libicu38 libifp4 libk3b3 libkcddb4 libkdecorations4 libkdepim4 libkholidays4 libkipi-common libkipi5 libkleo4 libkonq5 libkonq5-templates libkpgp4 libksieve4 libkwineffects1 liblua50 liblualib50 libmimelib4 libmodplug0c2 libmtp8 libmysqlclient15off libneon27 libnjb5 libokularcore1 libphonon4 libplasma2 libpoppler-qt4-3 libpq5 libqca2 libqca2-plugin-ossl libqimageblitz4 libqt3-mt libqt4-assistant libqt4-core libqt4-dbus libqt4-designer libqt4-help libqt4-network libqt4-opengl libqt4-qt3support libqt4-script libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-svg libqt4-test libqt4-webkit libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtcore4 libqtgui4 libraptor1 librasqal0 librdf0 libruby1.8 libsamplerate0 libsdl1.2debian libsdl1.2debian-alsa libsearchclient0 libsgutils1 libsoprano4 libstreamanalyzer0 libstreams0 libstrigihtmlgui0 libstrigiqtdbusclient0 libts-0.0-0 libvncserver0 libwps-0.1-1 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-xv0 libxine1 libxine1-bin libxine1-console libxine1-misc-plugins libxine1-x libxvmc1 libzip1 mediamanager mesa-utils mysql-common network-manager-kde okular okular-extra-backends openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-emailmerge openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-kde openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-crystal openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer oxygen-cursor-theme phonon phonon-backend-gstreamer phonon-backend-xine pinentry-gtk2 pinentry-qt4 plasmoid-quickaccess python-kde4 python-qt3 python-qt4 python-qt4-common python-qt4-dbus python-reportlab python-sip4 python-uno qt4-qtconfig raptor-utils rdesktop redland-utils ruby ruby1.8 sg3-utils software-properties-kde soprano-daemon speedcrunch strigi-client strigi-daemon system-config-printer-kde systemsettings ttf-dustin update-manager-kde update-notifier-kde xdg-user-dirs
  • XFCE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove a2ps abiword abiword-common abiword-help abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview abiword-plugins aumix catfish cupsys-driver-gutenprint exo-utils gnumeric gnumeric-common gnumeric-gtk gpicview gtk2-engines-xfce imagemagick latex-xft-fonts libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libdiscid0 libexo-0.3-0 libfftw3-3 libgda3-3 libgda3-bin libgda3-common libgdl-1-0 libgdl-1-common libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libgoffice-0-6 libgoffice-0-6-common libgoffice-gtk-0-6 libgsf-gnome-1-114 libgtkmathview0c2a liblink-grammar4 libloudmouth1-0 libmad0 libmpcdec3 libnotify-bin libofa0 libots0 libt1-5 libtagc0 libthunar-vfs-1-2 libtunepimp5 libxfce4mcs-client3 libxfce4mcs-manager3 libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 link-grammar-dictionaries-en listen mousepad mozilla-thunderbird orage psutils python-ctypes python-gnome2-extras python-musicbrainz2 python-mutagen python-ogg python-pymad python-pyogg python-pysqlite2 python-pyvorbis python-tunepimp scim-modules-table scim-tables-additional slocate tango-icon-theme tango-icon-theme-common tcl8.4 thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-data thunar-media-tags-plugin thunar-thumbnailers thunar-volman thunderbird vim-runtime wdiff xchat xchat-common xfce4-appfinder xfce4-battery-plugin xfce4-clipman-plugin xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict xfce4-fsguard-plugin xfce4-governor-plugin xfce4-icon-theme xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-mcs-manager xfce4-mcs-plugins xfce4-mcs-plugins-extra xfce4-mixer xfce4-mixer-alsa xfce4-mount-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-panel xfce4-places-plugin xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter-plugin xfce4-session xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-terminal xfce4-utils xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfprint4 xfwm4 xfwm4-themes xubuntu-artwork-usplash xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs

• En Ubuntu Hardy (8.04):
  • Gnome:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove alacarte bluez-gnome brltty brltty-x11 bug-buddy capplets-data cdrdao cli-common compiz compiz-core compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-gnome compiz-plugins compizconfig-backend-gconf contact-lookup-applet dcraw deskbar-applet diveintopython ekiga eog espeak evince evolution evolution-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common evolution-exchange evolution-plugins evolution-webcal example-content f-spot fast-user-switch-applet firefox-3.0-gnome-support firefox-gnome-support gconf-editor gedit gedit-common gimp-gnomevfs gimp-python gnome-about gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-control-center gnome-desktop-data gnome-doc-utils gnome-media gnome-menus gnome-netstatus-applet gnome-nettool gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-pilot gnome-pilot-conduits gnome-session gnome-settings-daemon gnome-spell gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes gnome-user-guide gnome-utils gnome-volume-manager gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gstreamer0.10-tools gtkhtml3.14 gvfs gvfs-backends gvfs-fuse hwtest hwtest-gtk launchpad-integration libalut0 libao2 libarchive1 libart2.0-cil libcdio-cdda0 libcdio-paranoia0 libcompizconfig0 libcurl3 libdecoration0 libdeskbar-tracker libdirectfb-1.0-0 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-6 libedataserverui1.2-8 libeel2-2 libeel2-data libegroupwise1.2-13 libexchange-storage1.2-3 libexempi3 libflickrnet2.1.5-cil libgconf2.0-cil libgdata-google1.2-1 libgdata1.2-1 libglade2.0-cil libglew1.5 libglib2.0-cil libgmime-2.0-2 libgmime2.2-cil libgnome-pilot2 libgnome-vfs2.0-cil libgnome-window-settings1 libgnome2.0-cil libgnomevfs2-bin libgnomevfs2-extra libgpgme11 libgpod-common libgpod3 libgtk2.0-cil libgtkhtml3.14-19 libgtkhtml3.16-cil libgtksourceview2.0-0 libgtksourceview2.0-common libgvfscommon0 libgweather-common libgweather1 libicu38 liblpint-bonobo0 libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil libmono-addins0.2-cil libmono-cairo1.0-cil libmono-corlib1.0-cil libmono-corlib2.0-cil libmono-data-tds1.0-cil libmono-data-tds2.0-cil libmono-security1.0-cil libmono-security2.0-cil libmono-sharpzip0.84-cil libmono-sharpzip2.84-cil libmono-sqlite2.0-cil libmono-system-data1.0-cil libmono-system-data2.0-cil libmono-system-web1.0-cil libmono-system-web2.0-cil libmono-system1.0-cil libmono-system2.0-cil libmono0 libmono1.0-cil libmono2.0-cil libmtp7 libmusicbrainz4c2a libndesk-dbus-glib1.0-cil libndesk-dbus1.0-cil libneon27 libopal-2.2 libopenal0a libopenobex1 libpam-gnome-keyring libpisock9 libpisync1 libpt-1.10.10 libpt-1.10.10-plugins-alsa libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l2 libpth20 libpulsecore5 librarian0 libsamplerate0 libsdl1.2debian libsdl1.2debian-alsa libsgutils1 libsmbclient libsoup2.4-1 libsqlite0 libtracker-gtk0 libvorbisfile3 libwpg-0.1-1 libwps-0.1-1 libx11-xcb1 libxml2-utils mesa-utils metacity mono-common mono-gac mono-jit mono-runtime mousetweaks nautilus nautilus-cd-burner nautilus-data nautilus-sendto nautilus-share o3read obex-data-server openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-gnome openoffice.org-gtk openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer pkg-config pulseaudio pulseaudio-esound-compat pulseaudio-module-gconf pulseaudio-module-hal pulseaudio-module-x11 python-gmenu python-gtksourceview2 python-uno rdesktop rhythmbox rss-glx scim-bridge-agent scim-bridge-client-gtk seahorse sound-juicer sqlite sqlite3 ssh-askpass-gnome tangerine-icon-theme tomboy totem-mozilla tracker tracker-search-tool tsclient ttf-opensymbol ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs ubuntu-sounds usplash-theme-ubuntu vino whois xdg-user-dirs xdg-user-dirs-gtk xsane xsane-common xsltproc xulrunner-1.9-gnome-support yelp
  • KDE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove adept adept-batch adept-common adept-installer adept-manager adept-notifier adept-updater akregator amarok amarok-xine apport-qt ark arts brltty cdrdao cryptsetup debtags desktop-effects-kde digikam dolphin enscript foomatic-db-gutenprint gdebi-kde gnupg-agent gpgsm gtk-qt-engine gwenview hpijs-ppds hplip-gui ijsgutenprint jockey-kde k3b kaddressbook kaffeine kamera karm katapult kate kbstate kcontrol kcron kde-guidance kde-guidance-powermanager kde-icons-mono kde-style-qtcurve kde-systemsettings kdeadmin-kfile-plugins kdebase-bin kdebase-bin-kde3 kdebase-data kdebase-kio-plugins kdebluetooth kdegraphics-kfile-plugins kdelibs-data kdelibs4c2a kdemultimedia-kfile-plugins kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdenetwork-filesharing kdenetwork-kfile-plugins kdepasswd kdepim-kio-plugins kdepim-kresources kdepim-wizards kdeprint kdesktop kdesudo kdm kdnssd keep kfind kghostview khelpcenter kicker kio-apt kio-locate kio-umountwrapper kipi-plugins klipper kmag kmail kmailcvt kmenuedit kmilo kmix kmousetool kmplayer-base kmplayer-konq-plugins knetworkconf knotes konq-plugins konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konsole kontact konversation kooka kopete korganizer kpdf kpf kppp krdc krfb kscreensaver ksmserver ksnapshot ksvg ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktorrent kubuntu-artwork-usplash kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-konqueror-shortcuts kvkbd kwalletmanager kwin kwin-style-crystal language-selector-qt launchpad-integration libakode2 libao2 libarts1-akode libarts1c2a libartsc0 libaudio2 libavahi-qt3-1 libclucene0ldbl libcurl3 libdbus-qt-1-1c2 libdirectfb-1.0-0 libept0 libexiv2-2 libfftw3-3 libflac++6 libgmp3c2 libgpgme11 libgpod-common libgpod3-nogtk libicu38 libifp4 libijs-0.35 libjpeg-progs libk3b2 libkbluetooth0 libkcal2b libkcddb1 libkdcraw3 libkdepim1a libkexiv2-3 libkipi0 libkleopatra1 libkmime2 libkonq4 libkpimexchange1 libkpimidentities1 libksba8 libkscan1 libksieve0 libktnef1 liblua50 liblualib50 libmimelib1c2a libmodplug0c2 libmpcdec3 libmtp7 libmusicbrainz4c2a libmysqlclient15off libneon27 libnjb5 libofa0 libopenobex1 libpoppler-qt2 libpq5 libpth20 libpythonize0 libqt-perl libqt3-mt libqt4-core libqt4-gui librsync1 libruby1.8 libsamplerate0 libsdl1.2debian libsdl1.2debian-alsa libsearchclient0 libsgutils1 libskim0 libsmbclient libsmokeqt1 libstreamanalyzer0 libstreams0 libstrigihtmlgui0 libtunepimp5 libvorbisfile3 libwpg-0.1-1 libwps-0.1-1 libxapian15 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-xv0 libxine1 libxine1-bin libxine1-console libxine1-misc-plugins libxine1-x libxvmc1 mysql-common network-manager-kde networkstatus openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-kde openoffice.org-style-crystal openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer perl-suid pinentry-qt poster pykdeextensions python-dev python-kde3 python-qt3 python-qt4 python-qt4-common python-qt4-dbus python-reportlab python-sip4 python-uno python2.5-dev qca-tls rdesktop rdiff-backup ruby ruby1.8 scim-bridge-agent scim-bridge-client-qt scim-qtimm skim software-properties-kde speedcrunch strigi-applet strigi-daemon system-config-printer-kde ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-opensymbol vorbis-tools xdg-user-dirs
  • XFCE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove a2ps abiword abiword-common abiword-plugins gnumeric-common gnumeric-gtk gtk2-engines-xfce imagemagick libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libexo-0.3-0 libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libglib2.0-data libgoffice-0-6 libgoffice-0-6-common libgsf-gnome-1-114 libgtkmathview0c2a liblink-grammar4 libots0 libt1-5 libtagc0 libthunar-vfs-1-2 libwpd-stream8c2a libxfce4mcs-client3 libxfce4mcs-manager3 libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 link-grammar-dictionaries-en mousepad mozilla-thunderbird orage psutils python-exo ristretto tango-icon-theme tango-icon-theme-common thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-data thunar-media-tags-plugin thunar-thumbnailers thunar-volman thunderbird vim-runtime xfce4-appfinder xfce4-battery-plugin xfce4-clipman-plugin xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict-plugin xfce4-fsguard-plugin xfce4-governor-plugin xfce4-icon-theme xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-mcs-manager xfce4-mcs-plugins xfce4-mcs-plugins-extra xfce4-mixer xfce4-mixer-alsa xfce4-mount-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-panel xfce4-places-plugin xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter-plugin xfce4-session xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-terminal xfce4-utils xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfprint4 xfwm4 xfwm4-themes xubuntu-artwork-usplash xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs
• En Ubuntu Gutsy (7.10):
  • Gnome:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove alacarte aspell bittorrent bluez-cups bluez-gnome bluez-utils bogofilter bogofilter-bdb bogofilter-common brltty brltty-x11 bsh bug-buddy capplets-data cdrdao cli-common compiz compiz-core compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-gnome compiz-plugins consolekit contact-lookup-applet dcraw deskbar-applet dictionaries-common diveintopython ekiga eog espeak evince evolution evolution-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common evolution-exchange evolution-plugins evolution-webcal f-spot fast-user-switch-applet firefox-gnome-support fping gcj-4.2-base gconf-editor gedit gedit-common gij gij-4.2 gimp-python gnome-about gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-btdownload gnome-control-center gnome-desktop-data gnome-doc-utils gnome-keyring-manager gnome-media gnome-menus gnome-netstatus-applet gnome-nettool gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-pilot gnome-pilot-conduits gnome-power-manager gnome-session gnome-spell gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-user-guide gnome-utils gnome-volume-manager gstreamer0.10-alsa gstreamer0.10-esd gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-x gthumb gtkhtml3.14 hal-device-manager hwdb-client-common hwdb-client-gnome libalut0 libao2 libart2.0-cil libavc1394-0 libbeagle0 libbluetooth2 libcaca0 libcamel1.2-10 libcdio6 libcompizconfig-backend-gconf libcompizconfig0 libcucul0 libdecoration0 libdeskbar-tracker libdv4 libebook1.2-9 libecal1.2-7 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-6 libedataserver1.2-9 libedataserverui1.2-8 libeel2-2 libeel2-data libegroupwise1.2-13 libexchange-storage1.2-3 libgcj-bc libgcj-common libgcj8-1 libgconf2.0-cil libgda3-3 libgda3-common libgdl-1-0 libgdl-1-common libgdl-gnome-1-0 libgksu1.2-1 libgksuui1.0-1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglade2.0-cil libglew1.4 libglib2.0-cil libgmime-2.0-2 libgmime2.2-cil libgnome-pilot2 libgnome-vfs2.0-cil libgnome-window-settings1 libgnome2.0-cil libgnomevfs2-bin libgnomevfs2-extra libgpod2 libgsl0 libgtk2.0-cil libgtkhtml2.0-cil libgtkhtml3.14-19 libgtkhtml3.8-15 libgtksourceview2.0-0 libgtksourceview2.0-common libhsqldb-java libicu36 libiec61883-0 libjaxp1.3-java libjline-java liblpint-bonobo0 libmono-cairo1.0-cil libmono-corlib1.0-cil libmono-corlib2.0-cil libmono-data-tds2.0-cil libmono-security2.0-cil libmono-sharpzip2.84-cil libmono-sqlite2.0-cil libmono-system-data2.0-cil libmono-system-web2.0-cil libmono-system1.0-cil libmono-system2.0-cil libmono0 libmono2.0-cil libmtp6 libmusicbrainz4c2a libndesk-dbus-glib1.0-cil libndesk-dbus1.0-cil libneon26 liboil0.3 libopal-2.2 libopenal0a libpam-gnome-keyring libpisock9 libpisync0 libpt-1.10.0 libpt-plugins-alsa libpt-plugins-v4l libpt-plugins-v4l2 librarian0 libraw1394-8 librsvg2.0-cil libservlet2.4-java libshout3 libsndfile1 libsoup2.2-8 libsvg1 libtracker-gtk0 libtrackerclient0 libvisual-0.4-0 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwavpack1 libwpg-0.1-1 libwps-0.1-1 libxalan2-java libxerces2-java libxml2-utils mono-common mono-gac mono-jit mono-runtime nautilus nautilus-cd-burner nautilus-data nautilus-sendto o3read openoffice.org openoffice.org-base openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-evolution openoffice.org-gnome openoffice.org-gtk openoffice.org-hyphenation openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-java-common openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer pkg-config python-bittorrent python-gmenu python-gnome2-extras python-pygtksourceview python-uno rdesktop rhythmbox rss-glx serpentine sound-juicer ssh-askpass-gnome tangerine-icon-theme tomboy totem-mozilla tracker tracker-search-tool tsclient ttf-opensymbol ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs ubuntu-sounds usplash-theme-ubuntu vino whois xdg-user-dirs xdg-user-dirs-gtk xsane xsane-common xsltproc yelp
  • KDE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove adept adept-batch adept-common adept-installer adept-manager adept-notifier adept-updater akregator amarok amarok-xine apport-qt ark arts bluez-cups bluez-utils bogofilter bogofilter-bdb bogofilter-common brltty bsh cdrdao debtags dictionaries-common digikam dolphin enscript fftw3 foomatic-db-gutenprint fping gcj-4.2-base gdebi-kde gij gij-4.2 gnupg-agent gpgsm gtk-qt-engine gwenview hplip-gui hwdb-client-common hwdb-client-kde ijsgutenprint k3b kaddressbook kaffeine kaffeine-xine kamera karm katapult kate kbstate kcontrol kcron kde-guidance kde-guidance-powermanager kde-icons-mono kde-style-polyester kde-systemsettings kdeadmin-kfile-plugins kdebase-bin kdebase-data kdebase-kio-plugins kdebluetooth kdegraphics-kfile-plugins kdelibs-data kdelibs4c2a kdemultimedia-kfile-plugins kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdenetwork-filesharing kdenetwork-kfile-plugins kdepasswd kdepim-kio-plugins kdepim-kresources kdepim-wizards kdeprint kdesktop kdesudo kdm kdnssd keep kfind kghostview khelpcenter kicker kio-apt kio-locate kio-umountwrapper kipi-plugins klipper kmag kmail kmailcvt kmenuedit kmilo kmix kmousetool kmplayer-base kmplayer-konq-plugins knetworkconf knotes konq-plugins konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konsole kontact konversation kooka kopete korganizer kpdf kpf kppp krdc krfb kscreensaver ksmserver ksnapshot ksplash ksplash-engine-moodin ksvg ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktorrent kubuntu-artwork-usplash kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-konqueror-shortcuts kvkbd kwalletmanager kwin kwin-style-crystal language-selector-qt libakode2 libao2 libarts1-akode libarts1c2a libartsc0 libaudio2 libavahi-qt3-1 libbluetooth2 libclucene0 libcluceneindex0 libdbus-qt-1-1c2 libept0 libexiv2-0 libflac++6 libgcj-bc libgcj-common libgcj8-1 libgl1-mesa-dri libgmp3c2 libgpgme11 libgpod2 libgsl0 libicu36 libid3tag0 libifp4 libijs-0.35 libimlib2 libjaxp1.3-java libjline-java libk3b2 libkbluetooth0 libkcal2b libkcddb1 libkdcraw1 libkdepim1a libkexiv2-1 libkipi0 libkleopatra1 libkmime2 libkonq4 libkpimexchange1 libkpimidentities1 libksba8 libkscan1 libksieve0 libktnef1 liblua50 liblualib50 libmimelib1c2a libmtp6 libmusicbrainz4c2a libmysqlclient15off libneon26 libnjb5 libofa0 libopenexr2c2a libopenobex1 libpoppler-qt2 libpq5 libpth20 libpythonize0 libqt-perl libqt3-mt libqt4-core libqt4-gui libraw1394-8 librsync1 libruby1.8 libsamplerate0 libsearchclient0 libskim0 libsmokeqt1 libsndfile1 libstreamanalyzer0 libstreams0 libstrigihtmlgui0 libsvg1 libtunepimp5 libungif4g libvisual-0.4-0 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwpg-0.1-1 libwps-0.1-1 libxalan2-java libxapian15 libxerces2-java mysql-common network-manager-kde networkstatus openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-hyphenation openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-java-common openoffice.org-kde openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-crystal openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer perl-suid pinentry-qt poster psutils pykdeextensions python-kde3 python-qt3 python-qt4 python-qt4-dbus python-sip4 python-uno python2.5-dev qca-tls rdesktop rdiff-backup restricted-manager-kde ruby ruby1.8 scim-qtimm skim software-properties-kde speedcrunch strigi-applet strigi-daemon ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-opensymbol vorbis-tools
  • XFCE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove abiword abiword-common abiword-plugins brasero dbus-x11 gnumeric-common gnumeric-gtk gqview gtk2-engines-murrine gtk2-engines-xfce libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libexo-0.3-0 libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libglib2.0-data libgoffice-0-common libgoffice-gtk-0-4 libgsf-gnome-1-114 libgtkmathview0c2a libjpeg-progs liblink-grammar4 libmodplug0c2 libmpcdec3 libots0 libpulse0 libt1-5 libtagc0 libthunar-vfs-1-2 libwpd-stream8c2a libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-xv0 libxcb1 libxfce4mcs-client3 libxfce4mcs-manager3 libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 libxine1 libxvmc1 link-grammar-dictionaries-en mousepad mozilla-thunderbird orage python-exo tango-icon-theme tango-icon-theme-common thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-data thunar-media-tags-plugin thunar-volman thunderbird totem-xine vim-runtime xfce4-appfinder xfce4-battery-plugin xfce4-clipman-plugin xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict-plugin xfce4-fsguard-plugin xfce4-icon-theme xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-mcs-manager xfce4-mcs-plugins xfce4-mixer xfce4-mixer-alsa xfce4-mount-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-panel xfce4-places-plugin xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter-plugin xfce4-session xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-terminal xfce4-utils xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfprint4 xfwm4 xfwm4-themes xubuntu-artwork-usplash xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs
• En Ubuntu Feisty (7.4):
  • Gnome:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove alacarte aspell binfmt-support bittorrent bluez-cups bluez-pin bluez-utils brltty brltty-x11 bsh bug-buddy ca-certificates capplets-data cli-common compiz compiz-core compiz-gnome compiz-gtk compiz-plugins contact-lookup-applet dcraw deskbar-applet desktop-effects dhcdbd diveintopython ekiga eog esound espeak evince evolution evolution-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common evolution-exchange evolution-plugins evolution-webcal f-spot file-roller firefox-gnome-support fping gcalctool gcj-4.1-base gconf-editor gedit gedit-common gij gij-4.1 gimp-python gnome-about gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-btdownload gnome-cards-data gnome-control-center gnome-cups-manager gnome-desktop-data gnome-doc-utils gnome-games gnome-games-data gnome-keyring-manager gnome-media gnome-media-common gnome-menus gnome-netstatus-applet gnome-nettool gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-pilot gnome-pilot-conduits gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver gnome-session gnome-spell gnome-system-monitor gnome-system-tools gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes gnome-user-guide gnome-utils gnome-volume-manager gstreamer0.10-alsa gstreamer0.10-esd gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-x gthumb gtkhtml3.14 gucharmap guile-1.6-libs hal-device-manager hwdb-client-common hwdb-client-gnome libaudio2 libavc1394-0 libbeagle0 libbluetooth2 libcaca0 libcairo-perl libcamel1.2-10 libcdio6 libcucul0 libcurl3 libdecoration0 libdjvulibre15 libdv4 libebook1.2-9 libecal1.2-7 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-6 libedataserver1.2-9 libedataserverui1.2-8 libeel2-2 libeel2-data libegroupwise1.2-13 libexchange-storage1.2-3 libgcj-bc libgcj-common libgcj7-0 libgconf2.0-cil libgda2-3 libgda2-common libgdiplus libgdl-1-0 libgdl-1-common libgksu1.2-1 libgksuui1.0-1 libglade2.0-cil libglew1 libglib-perl libglib2.0-cil libgmime-2.0-2 libgmime2.2-cil libgnome-desktop-2 libgnome-media0 libgnome-menu2 libgnome-pilot2 libgnome-window-settings1 libgnome2-canvas-perl libgnome2-perl libgnome2-vfs-perl libgnome2.0-cil libgnomecupsui1.0-1c2a libgnomekbd-common libgnomekbd1 libgnomekbdui1 libgnomevfs2-bin libgnomevfs2-extra libgphoto2-2 libgphoto2-port0 libgpod1 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 libgtk2-perl libgtk2.0-cil libgtkhtml3.14-19 libgtksourceview-common libgtksourceview1.0-0 libgucharmap6 libguile-ltdl-1 libhsqldb-java libicu36 libidn11 libiec61883-0 libieee1284-3 libjaxp1.3-java libjline-java liblpint-bonobo0 libmdbtools libmetacity0 libmono-cairo1.0-cil libmono-corlib1.0-cil libmono-corlib2.0-cil libmono-data-tds2.0-cil libmono-security2.0-cil libmono-sharpzip2.84-cil libmono-sqlite2.0-cil libmono-system-data2.0-cil libmono-system-web2.0-cil libmono-system1.0-cil libmono-system2.0-cil libmono0 libmono2.0-cil libmusicbrainz4c2a libnautilus-burn4 libnautilus-extension1 libndesk-dbus-glib1.0-cil libndesk-dbus1.0-cil libneon25 libnl1-pre6 libnm-util0 liboil0.3 libopal-2.2.0 libpisock9 libpisync0 libpt-1.10.0 libpt-plugins-alsa libpt-plugins-v4l libpt-plugins-v4l2 libqthreads-12 libraw1394-8 libsane libservlet2.3-java libshout3 libslab0 libsndfile1 libsoup2.2-8 libstlport5.1 libtotem-plparser1 libungif4g libvisual-0.4-0 libvorbisenc2 libwps-0.1-1 libxalan2-java libxerces2-java libxml2-utils metacity metacity-common mono-common mono-gac mono-jit mono-runtime nautilus nautilus-cd-burner nautilus-data nautilus-sendto network-manager network-manager-gnome openoffice.org openoffice.org-base openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-evolution openoffice.org-filter-mobiledev openoffice.org-gnome openoffice.org-gtk openoffice.org-hyphenation openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-java-common openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer pkg-config python-bittorrent python-gmenu python-gnome2-desktop python-gnome2-extras python-gst0.10 python-libxml2 python-uno rdesktop rhythmbox rss-glx screensaver-default-images serpentine sound-juicer ssh-askpass-gnome tangerine-icon-theme tomboy totem totem-gstreamer totem-mozilla tsclient ttf-opensymbol ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs ubuntu-sounds update-notifier usplash-theme-ubuntu vino whois xsane xsane-common xsltproc yelp
  • KDE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove adept adept-batch adept-common adept-installer adept-manager adept-notifier adept-updater akregator amarok amarok-xine apport-qt ark arts bluez-cups bluez-pin bluez-utils bogofilter bogofilter-bdb bogofilter-common brltty bsh ca-certificates debtags dhcdbd digikam enscript fftw3 fping gcj-4.1-base gij gij-4.1 gtk-qt-engine gwenview hwdb-client-common hwdb-client-kde k3b kaddressbook kaffeine kaffeine-xine kamera karm katapult kate kbstate kcontrol kcron kde-guidance kde-guidance-powermanager kde-icons-mono kde-style-polyester kde-systemsettings kdeadmin-kfile-plugins kdebase-bin kdebase-data kdebase-kio-plugins kdebluetooth kdegraphics-kfile-plugins kdelibs-data kdelibs4c2a kdemultimedia-kfile-plugins kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdenetwork-filesharing kdenetwork-kfile-plugins kdepasswd kdepim-kio-plugins kdepim-kresources kdepim-wizards kdeprint kdesktop kdm kdnssd keep kexi kfind kghostview khelpcenter kicker kio-apt kio-locate kipi-plugins klipper kmag kmail kmailcvt kmenuedit kmilo kmix kmousetool kmplayer-base kmplayer-konq-plugins knetworkconf knetworkmanager knotes koffice-data koffice-libs konq-plugins konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konsole kontact konversation kooka kopete korganizer kpdf kpf kppp krdc krfb kscreensaver ksmserver ksnapshot ksplash ksplash-engine-moodin ksvg ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktorrent kubuntu-artwork-usplash kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-konqueror-shortcuts kwalletmanager kwin kwin-style-crystal language-selector-qt libakode2 libarts1-akode libarts1c2a libartsc0 libaudio2 libavahi-compat-libdnssd1 libavahi-qt3-1 libbluetooth2 libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libdbus-qt-1-1c2 libexiv2-0.12 libflac++5c2 libgcj-bc libgcj-common libgcj7-0 libgmp3c2 libgpgme11 libgphoto2-2 libgphoto2-port0 libgpod1 libgsl0 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 libicu36 libid3tag0 libidn11 libieee1284-3 libifp4 libimlib2 libjasper-runtime libjaxp1.3-java libjline-java libk3b2 libkcal2b libkcddb1 libkdepim1a libkexiv2-0 libkipi0 libkleopatra1 libkmime2 libkonq4 libkpimexchange1 libkpimidentities1 libkscan1 libksieve0 libktnef1 liblockdev1 liblua50 liblualib50 libmeanwhile1 libmimelib1c2a libmpcdec3 libmtp5 libmusicbrainz4c2a libmysqlclient15off libneon25 libnjb5 libnl1-pre6 libnm-util0 libofa0 liboggflac3 libopenexr2c2a libopenobex1 libpoppler1-qt libpq5 libpythonize0 libqt-perl libqt3-mt libqt4-core libqt4-gui libqt4-qt3support libqt4-sql libraw1394-8 librsync1 libruby1.8 libsamplerate0 libsane libskim0 libsmokeqt1 libsndfile1 libsqlite0 libstlport5.1 libtdb1 libtunepimp5 libungif4g libvisual-0.4-0 libvorbisenc2 libwps-0.1-1 libxalan2-java libxerces2-java mysql-common network-manager networkstatus openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-hyphenation openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-java-common openoffice.org-kde openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-crystal openoffice.org-style-human openoffice.org-writer perl-suid pmount poster psutils pykdeextensions python-kde3 python-qt3 python-qt4 python-sip4 python-uno python2.5-dev qca-tls qobex rdiff-backup ruby ruby1.8 scim-qtimm skim software-properties-kde speedcrunch ttf-opensymbol vorbis-tools
  • XFCE:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove abiword abiword-common abiword-plugins anthy gnumeric-common gnumeric-gtk gqview gtk2-engines-xfce gxine hal-cups-utils libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libanthy0 libchewing3 libchewing3-data libexo-0.3-0 libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libglib2.0-data libgoffice-0-common libgoffice-gtk-0-3 libgtkmathview0c2a libjpeg-progs libmodplug0c2 libots0 libpcre3 libpulse0 libt1-5 libtagc0 libthunar-vfs-1-2 libwpd-stream8c2a libxfce4mcs-client3 libxfce4mcs-manager3 libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 libxine1 libxvmc1 mousepad mozilla-thunderbird orage python-cups python-exo scim-anthy scim-chewing scim-hangul scim-pinyin system-config-printer thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-doc thunar-media-tags-plugin thunar-volman-plugin vim-runtime xarchiver xfburn xfce4-appfinder xfce4-battery-plugin xfce4-clipman-plugin xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict-plugin xfce4-fsguard-plugin xfce4-icon-theme xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-mcs-manager xfce4-mcs-plugins xfce4-mixer xfce4-mixer-alsa xfce4-mount-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-panel xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter-plugin xfce4-session xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-taskmanager xfce4-terminal xfce4-utils xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfdesktop4 xfprint4 xfwm4 xfwm4-themes xscreensaver xubuntu-artwork-usplash xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs
• En Ubuntu Edgy (6.10):
  • Gnome:
    • Instalar:
      >> sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove alacarte aspell binfmt-support bittorrent bluez-cups bluez-pin bluez-utils brltty brltty-x11 bsh bug-buddy ca-certificates capplets-data cli-common contact-lookup-applet deskbar-applet diveintopython ekiga eog esound evince evolution evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common evolution-exchange evolution-plugins evolution-webcal f-spot file-roller firefox-gnome-support fping gcalctool gcj-4.1-base gconf-editor gdb gedit gedit-common gij gij-4.1 gimp-python gnome-about gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-btdownload gnome-control-center gnome-cups-manager gnome-desktop-data gnome-doc-utils gnome-games gnome-games-data gnome-keyring-manager gnome-media gnome-media-common gnome-menus gnome-netstatus-applet gnome-nettool gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-pilot gnome-pilot-conduits gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver gnome-session gnome-spell gnome-system-monitor gnome-system-tools gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes gnome-utils gnome-volume-manager gnome2-user-guide gstreamer0.10-alsa gstreamer0.10-esd gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-x gthumb gtkhtml3.8 gucharmap guile-1.6-libs hal-device-manager hwdb-client-common hwdb-client-gnome libaudio2 libavc1394-0 libbeagle0 libbluetooth2 libbtctl4 libcairo-perl libcamel1.2-8 libcdio6 libcurl3 libdbus-1-cil libdirectfb-0.9-24 libdjvulibre15 libdv4 libebook1.2-9 libecal1.2-7 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-6 libedataserver1.2-7 libedataserverui1.2-8 libeel2-2 libeel2-data libegroupwise1.2-12 libexchange-storage1.2-2 libflac7 libgcj-bc libgcj-common libgcj7-0 libgconf2.0-cil libgda2-3 libgda2-common libgdl-1-0 libgdl-1-common libgksu1.2-1 libgksuui1.0-1 libglade2.0-cil libglew1 libglib-perl libglib2.0-cil libgmime-2.0-2 libgmime2.2-cil libgnome-desktop-2 libgnome-media0 libgnome-menu2 libgnome-pilot2 libgnome-window-settings1 libgnome2-canvas-perl libgnome2-perl libgnome2-vfs-perl libgnome2.0-cil libgnomebt0 libgnomecupsui1.0-1c2a libgnomevfs2-bin libgnomevfs2-extra libgphoto2-2 libgphoto2-port0 libgpod0 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-0 libgtk2-perl libgtk2.0-cil libgtkhtml3.8-15 libgtksourceview-common libgtksourceview1.0-0 libgucharmap5 libguile-ltdl-1 libhsqldb-java libicu34 libidn11 libiec61883-0 libieee1284-3 libjasper-1.701-1 libjaxp1.2-java libjline-java liblpint-bonobo0 libmagick9 libmdbtools libmetacity0 libmono-cairo1.0-cil libmono-corlib1.0-cil libmono-data-tds1.0-cil libmono-security1.0-cil libmono-sharpzip0.84-cil libmono-sqlite1.0-cil libmono-system-data1.0-cil libmono-system-web1.0-cil libmono-system1.0-cil libmono0 libmono1.0-cil libmusicbrainz4c2a libnautilus-burn4 libnautilus-extension1 libneon25 libnotify1 liboil0.3 libopal-2.2.0 libopenobex-1.0-0 libpanel-applet2-0 libpisock9 libpisync0 libportaudio0 libpt-1.10.0 libpt-plugins-alsa libpt-plugins-v4l libpt-plugins-v4l2 libqthreads-12 libraw1394-8 libsane libsdl1.2debian libsdl1.2debian-alsa libservlet2.3-java libsexy2 libshout3 libsmbclient libsndfile1 libsoup2.2-8 libsqlite3-0 libstlport4.6c2 libtotem-plparser1 libvisual-0.4-0 libvorbisenc2 libwnck-common libwnck18 libxalan2-java libxerces2-java libxklavier11 libxml2-utils libxmlsec1 libxmlsec1-nss libxmlsec1-openssl libxres1 libxt-java metacity metacity-common mono-common mono-gac mono-jit mono-runtime nautilus nautilus-cd-burner nautilus-data nautilus-sendto notification-daemon openoffice.org openoffice.org-base openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-evolution openoffice.org-gnome openoffice.org-gtk openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-java-common openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-default openoffice.org-style-industrial openoffice.org-writer pkg-config python-gmenu python-gnome2-desktop python-gnome2-extras python-gst0.10 python-uno rdesktop rhythmbox rss-glx screensaver-default-images serpentine sound-juicer ssh-askpass-gnome tangerine-icon-theme tomboy totem totem-gstreamer totem-mozilla tsclient ttf-opensymbol ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs update-notifier usplash-theme-ubuntu vino vnc-common whois xsane xsane-common xsltproc xvncviewer yelp zenity
  • KDE:
    • Instalar:
       
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove adept adept-batch adept-common adept-installer adept-manager adept-notifier adept-updater akregator amarok amarok-xine apt-index-watcher ark arts bluez-cups bluez-pin bluez-utils bogofilter bogofilter-bdb bogofilter-common brltty bsh ca-certificates dcraw debtags digikam diveintopython enscript fping gcj-4.1-base gdb gij gij-4.1 gtk2-engines-gtk-qt gwenview hwdb-client-common hwdb-client-kde k3b kaddressbook kaffeine kaffeine-xine kamera karm katapult kate kaudiocreator kbstate kcontrol kcron kde-guidance kde-guidance-powermanager kde-icons-mono kde-systemsettings kdeadmin-kfile-plugins kdebase-bin kdebase-data kdebase-kio-plugins kdebluetooth kdegraphics-kfile-plugins kdelibs-data kdelibs4c2a kdemultimedia-kfile-plugins kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdenetwork-filesharing kdenetwork-kfile-plugins kdepasswd kdepim-kio-plugins kdepim-kresources kdepim-wizards kdeprint kdesktop kdm kdnssd keep kfind kghostview khelpcenter kicker kio-apt kio-locate kipi-plugins klipper kmag kmail kmailcvt kmenuedit kmilo kmix kmousetool kmplayer-base kmplayer-konq-plugins knetworkconf knotes koffice-data koffice-libs konq-plugins konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konsole kontact konversation kooka kopete korganizer kpdf kpf kppp krdc krfb krita krita-data kscd kscreensaver ksmserver ksnapshot ksplash ksplash-engine-moodin ksvg ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktorrent kubuntu-artwork-usplash kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-docs kubuntu-konqueror-shortcuts kwalletmanager kwin kwin-style-crystal language-selector-qt libakode2 libarts1-akode libarts1c2a libartsc0 libaudio2 libavahi-compat-libdnssd1 libavahi-qt3-1 libbluetooth2 libc6-dev libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libdbus-qt-1-1c2 libdirectfb-0.9-24 libexif-dev libflac++5c2 libflac7 libgcj-bc libgcj-common libgcj7-0 libgmp3c2 libgpgme11 libgphoto2-2 libgphoto2-2-dev libgphoto2-port0 libgpod0 libgsl0 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-0 libhsqldb-java libicu34 libidn11 libieee1284-3 libifp4 libimlib2 libjasper-1.701-1 libjasper-runtime libjaxp1.2-java libjline-java libk3b2 libkcal2b libkcddb1 libkdepim1a libkexif1 libkipi0 libkleopatra1 libkmime2 libkonq4 libkpimexchange1 libkpimidentities1 libkscan1 libksieve0 libktnef1 liblockdev1 liblua50 liblualib50 libmagick++9c2a libmagick9 libmdbtools libmimelib1c2a libmpcdec3 libmusicbrainz4c2a libmysqlclient15off libneon25 libnjb5 libnss-mdns liboggflac3 libopenexr2c2a libopenobex-1.0-0 libpoppler1-qt libportaudio0 libpq4 libpythonize0 libqt3-mt libqt4-core libqt4-gui libqt4-qt3support libqt4-sql libraw1394-8 librsync1 libruby1.8 libsamplerate0 libsane libsdl1.2debian libsdl1.2debian-alsa libservlet2.3-java libskim0 libsmbclient libsndfile1 libsqlite0 libsqlite3-0 libstlport4.6c2 libtdb1 libtunepimp3 libungif4g libvisual-0.4-0 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libxalan2-java libxerces2-java libxmlsec1 libxmlsec1-nss libxmlsec1-openssl libxt-java linux-libc-dev mysql-common openoffice.org openoffice.org-base openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-java-common openoffice.org-kde openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-style-crystal openoffice.org-style-default openoffice.org-writer perl-suid pkg-config poster psutils pykdeextensions python-elementtree python-kde3 python-qt3 python-qt4 python-sip4 python-uno python2.4-dev qca-tls qobex rdiff-backup ruby ruby1.8 scim-qtimm skim speedcrunch ttf-opensymbol vorbis-tools wlassistant
  • XFCE:
    • Instalar:
       
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove abiword abiword-common abiword-plugins anthy gnumeric-common gnumeric-gtk gqview gtk2-engines-xfce gxine libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libanthy0 libchewing3 libchewing3-data libexo-0.3-0 libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libglib2.0-data libgoffice-0-common libgoffice-gtk-0-3 libgsf-gnome-1-114 libgtkmathview0c2a libjpeg-progs libmodplug0c2 libots0 libpcre3 libt1-5 libtagc0 libthunar-vfs-1-2 libwpd-stream8c2a libxcomposite1 libxfce4mcs-client3 libxfce4mcs-manager3 libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 libxine1 libxvmc1 mousepad mozilla-thunderbird orage python-cups python-exo scim-anthy scim-chewing scim-hangul scim-pinyin system-config-printer thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-media-tags-plugin vim-runtime xarchiver xfburn xfce4-appfinder xfce4-battery-plugin xfce4-clipman-plugin xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict-plugin xfce4-fsguard-plugin xfce4-icon-theme xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-mcs-manager xfce4-mcs-plugins xfce4-mixer xfce4-mixer-alsa xfce4-mount-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-panel xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter-plugin xfce4-session xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-taskmanager xfce4-terminal xfce4-utils xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfdesktop4 xfprint4 xfwm4 xfwm4-themes xscreensaver xubuntu-artwork-usplash xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs
• En Ubuntu Dapper (6.6):
  • Gnome:
    • Instalar:
       
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove alacarte app-install-data app-install-data-commercial at-spi bicyclerepair bittorrent blt bluez-cups bluez-pcmcia-support bluez-pin bluez-utils brltty brltty-x11 bsh bug-buddy ca-certificates capplets-data contact-lookup-applet deskbar-applet diveintopython ekiga eog esound esound-common evince evolution evolution-data-server evolution-exchange evolution-plugins evolution-webcal fastjar festival festlex-cmu festlex-poslex festvox-kallpc16k file-roller firefox-gnome-support fping gcalctool gcj-4.1-base gconf-editor gdb gedit gedit-common gij-4.1 gimp-python gnome-about gnome-accessibility-themes gnome-app-install gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-btdownload gnome-control-center gnome-cups-manager gnome-desktop-data gnome-doc-utils gnome-games gnome-games-data gnome-mag gnome-media gnome-menus gnome-mime-data gnome-netstatus-applet gnome-nettool gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-pilot gnome-pilot-conduits gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver gnome-session gnome-spell gnome-system-monitor gnome-system-tools gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes gnome-utils gnome-volume-manager gnome2-user-guide gnopernicus gok gstreamer0.10-alsa gstreamer0.10-esd gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-x gthumb gtk2-engines-crux gtk2-engines-highcontrast gtk2-engines-lighthouseblue gtk2-engines-pixbuf gtk2-engines-redmond95 gtk2-engines-thinice gtkhtml3.8 gucharmap guile-1.6-libs hal-device-manager hwdb-client java-common java-gcj-compat libadns1 libatspi1.0-0 libaudio2 libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libavahi-glib1 libavc1394-0 libbeagle0 libbluetooth1 libbonobo2-0 libbonobo2-common libbonoboui2-0 libbonoboui2-common libbrlapi1 libbtctl2 libcamel1.2-8 libcdio6 libcompfaceg1 libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libdv4 libebook1.2-5 libecal1.2-3 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-1 libedataserver1.2-7 libedataserverui1.2-6 libeel2-2 libeel2-data libegroupwise1.2-9 libesd-alsa0 libestools1.2 libexchange-storage1.2-1 libflac7 libgail-common libgail-gnome-module libgail17 libgcj-common libgcj7 libgcj7-jar libgd2-noxpm libgda2-3 libgda2-common libgdl-1-0 libgdl-1-common libgeoip1 libglew1 libglib-perl libgmp3c2 libgnome-desktop-2 libgnome-mag2 libgnome-menu2 libgnome-pilot2 libgnome-speech3 libgnome2-0 libgnome2-canvas-perl libgnome2-common libgnome2-perl libgnome2-vfs-perl libgnomebt0 libgnomecupsui1.0-1c2a libgnomeui-0 libgnomeui-common libgnomevfs2-0 libgnomevfs2-bin libgnomevfs2-common libgnomevfs2-extra libgnucrypto-java libgphoto2-2 libgphoto2-port0 libgpod0 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-0 libgtk2-perl libgtkhtml2-0 libgtkhtml3.8-15 libgtksourceview-common libgtksourceview1.0-0 libgtop2-7 libgucharmap4 libguile-ltdl-1 libhsqldb-java libicu34 libid3-3.8.3c2a libidn11 libieee1284-3 libjasper-1.701-1 libjaxp1.2-java libjessie-java libjline-java liblircclient0 liblpint-bonobo0 libmagick9 libmdbtools libmetacity0 libmusicbrainz4c2a libmysqlclient15off libnautilus-burn3 libnautilus-extension1 libneon25 libnetcdf3 libnotify1 liboil0.3 libopal-2.2.0 libopenobex-1.0-0 libpanel-applet2-0 libpisock8 libpisync0 libportaudio0 libpq4 libpt-1.10.0 libpt-plugins-alsa libpt-plugins-v4l libpt-plugins-v4l2 libqthreads-12 libraptor1 librasqal0 libraw1394-5 librdf0 libsane libsdl1.2debian libsdl1.2debian-alsa libservlet2.3-java libsexy2 libshout3 libsmbclient libsndfile1 libsoup2.2-8 libsqlite0 libsqlite3-0 libstlport4.6c2 libtotem-plparser1 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwnck-common libwnck18 libxalan2-java libxerces2-java libxklavier10 libxml2-utils libxmlsec1 libxmlsec1-nss libxmlsec1-openssl libxres1 libxt-java metacity mysql-common nautilus nautilus-cd-burner nautilus-data nautilus-sendto notification-daemon openoffice.org openoffice.org-base openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-evolution openoffice.org-gnome openoffice.org-gtk openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-java-common openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-writer openssl pkg-config python-adns python-cddb python-clientcookie python-crypto python-egenix-mxproxy python-egenix-mxstack python-egenix-mxtexttools python-egenix-mxtools python-epydoc python-eunuchs python-examples python-gadfly python-gd python-gdbm python-genetic python-geoip python-gmenu python-gnome2 python-gnome2-desktop python-gnome2-extras python-gst0.10 python-htmlgen python-htmltmpl python-id3lib python-imaging python-imaging-sane python-jabber python-kjbuckets python-launchpad-integration python-ldap python-libxml2 python-mysqldb python-netcdf python-newt python-numeric python-pam python-parted python-pexpect python-pgsql python-pisock python-pqueue python-pyao python-pylibacl python-pyogg python-pyopenssl python-pyorbit python-pyvorbis python-pyxattr python-reportlab python-simpletal python-soappy python-sqlite python-stats python-syck python-tk python-unit python-uno python-xdg python-xml python-xmpp python2.4-adns python2.4-clientcookie python2.4-crypto python2.4-dbus python2.4-dictclient python2.4-egenix-mxdatetime python2.4-egenix-mxproxy python2.4-egenix-mxstack python2.4-egenix-mxtexttools python2.4-egenix-mxtools python2.4-epydoc python2.4-eunuchs python2.4-examples python2.4-gadfly python2.4-gd python2.4-gdbm python2.4-geoip python2.4-gnome2 python2.4-gnome2-desktop python2.4-gnome2-extras python2.4-htmlgen python2.4-htmltmpl python2.4-id3lib python2.4-imaging python2.4-imaging-sane python2.4-jabber python2.4-kjbuckets python2.4-ldap python2.4-librdf python2.4-libxml2 python2.4-libxslt1 python2.4-mysqldb python2.4-pam python2.4-pexpect python2.4-pgsql python2.4-pycurl python2.4-pylibacl python2.4-pyopenssl python2.4-pyorbit python2.4-pyxattr python2.4-reportlab python2.4-simpletal python2.4-soappy python2.4-sqlite python2.4-syck python2.4-tk python2.4-unit python2.4-xml python2.4-xmpp rdesktop rhythmbox rss-glx screensaver-default-images serpentine sound-juicer ssh-askpass-gnome tangerine-icon-theme tcl8.4 tk8.4 totem totem-gstreamer tsclient ttf-opensymbol ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs update-notifier vino vnc-common whois xsane xsane-common xsltproc xvncviewer yelp zenity
  • KDE:
    • Instalar:
       
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove adept akregator amarok amarok-xine app-install-data ark arts artsbuilder bicyclerepair blt bluez-cups bluez-pcmcia-support bluez-utils bogofilter bogofilter-bdb bogofilter-common brltty bsh ca-certificates debtags diveintopython enscript esound-common fastjar gcj-4.1-base gij-4.1 gtk2-engines-gtk-qt gwenview imagemagick java-common java-gcj-compat k3b kaddressbook kaffeine kaffeine-xine kamera karm katapult kate kaudiocreator kcontrol kcron kde-guidance kde-style-lipstik kde-systemsettings kdeadmin-kfile-plugins kdebase-bin kdebase-data kdebase-kio-plugins kdebluetooth kdegraphics-kfile-plugins kdelibs-bin kdelibs-data kdelibs4c2a kdemultimedia-kfile-plugins kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdenetwork-filesharing kdenetwork-kfile-plugins kdepasswd kdepim-kio-plugins kdepim-kresources kdepim-wizards kdeprint kdesktop kdm kdnssd keep kfind kghostview khelpcenter kicker kio-apt kio-locate klaptopdaemon klipper kmail kmailcvt kmenuedit kmilo kmix kmplayer-base kmplayer-konq-plugins knetworkconf knotes koffice-data koffice-libs konq-plugins konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konsole kontact konversation kooka kopete korganizer kpdf kpf kppp krdc krfb krita krita-data kscd kscreensaver ksmserver ksnapshot ksplash ksplash-engine-moodin ksvg ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktorrent kubuntu-artwork-usplash kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-konqueror-shortcuts kwalletmanager kwin kwin-style-crystal language-selector-qt libadns1 libakode2 libarts1-akode libarts1c2a libartsc0 libaudio2 libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libavahi-qt3-1 libbluetooth1 libbrlapi1 libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libdbus-qt-1-1c2 libesd-alsa0 libflac++5c2 libflac7 libgadu3 libgcj-common libgcj7 libgcj7-jar libgd2-noxpm libgeoip1 libgmp3c2 libgnucrypto-java libgpgme11 libgphoto2-2 libgphoto2-port0 libgsl0 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-0 libhsqldb-java libicu34 libid3-3.8.3c2a libidn11 libieee1284-3 libjasper-1.701-1 libjaxp1.2-java libjessie-java libjline-java libk3b2 libkcal2b libkcddb1 libkdepim1a libkipi0 libkleopatra1 libkmime2 libkonq4 libkpimexchange1 libkpimidentities1 libkscan1 libksieve0 libktnef1 liblockdev1 libmagick9 libmdbtools libmimelib1c2a libmpcdec3 libmusicbrainz4c2a libmysqlclient15off libneon25 libnetcdf3 libnss-mdns liboggflac3 libopenexr2c2a libopenobex-1.0-0 libpisock8 libpoppler1-qt libportaudio0 libpq4 libpythonize0 libqt3-mt libraptor1 librasqal0 libraw1394-5 librdf0 librsync1 libruby1.8 libsamplerate0 libsane libsensors3 libservlet2.3-java libskim0 libsmbclient libsndfile1 libsqlite0 libsqlite3-0 libstlport4.6c2 libtdb1 libtunepimp2c2a libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libxalan2-java libxerces2-java libxmlsec1 libxmlsec1-nss libxmlsec1-openssl libxt-java menu-xdg mysql-common openoffice.org openoffice.org-base openoffice.org-calc openoffice.org-common openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-java-common openoffice.org-kde openoffice.org-math openoffice.org-writer openssl perl-suid poster psutils pykdeextensions python-adns python-cddb python-clientcookie python-crypto python-egenix-mxproxy python-egenix-mxstack python-egenix-mxtexttools python-egenix-mxtools python-epydoc python-eunuchs python-examples python-gadfly python-gd python-gdbm python-genetic python-geoip python-htmlgen python-htmltmpl python-id3lib python-imaging python-imaging-sane python-jabber python-kde3 python-kjbuckets python-ldap python-mysqldb python-netcdf python-newt python-numeric python-pam python-parted python-pexpect python-pgsql python-pisock python-pqueue python-pyao python-pylibacl python-pyogg python-pyopenssl python-pyorbit python-pyvorbis python-pyxattr python-reportlab python-simpletal python-soappy python-sqlite python-stats python-syck python-tk python-unit python-uno python-xdg python-xml python-xmpp python2.4-adns python2.4-clientcookie python2.4-crypto python2.4-dbus python2.4-dev python2.4-dictclient python2.4-egenix-mxdatetime python2.4-egenix-mxproxy python2.4-egenix-mxstack python2.4-egenix-mxtexttools python2.4-egenix-mxtools python2.4-epydoc python2.4-eunuchs python2.4-examples python2.4-gadfly python2.4-gd python2.4-gdbm python2.4-geoip python2.4-htmlgen python2.4-htmltmpl python2.4-id3lib python2.4-imaging python2.4-imaging-sane python2.4-jabber python2.4-kde3 python2.4-kjbuckets python2.4-ldap python2.4-librdf python2.4-libxml2 python2.4-libxslt1 python2.4-mysqldb python2.4-pam python2.4-pexpect python2.4-pgsql python2.4-pycurl python2.4-pylibacl python2.4-pyopenssl python2.4-pyorbit python2.4-pyxattr python2.4-qt3 python2.4-reportlab python2.4-simpletal python2.4-sip4-qt3 python2.4-soappy python2.4-sqlite python2.4-syck python2.4-tk python2.4-unit python2.4-xml python2.4-xmpp qca-tls qobex rdiff-backup scim-qtimm skim speedcrunch tcl8.4 tk8.4 ttf-opensymbol vorbis-tools wlassistant
  • XFCE:
    • Instalar:
       
    • Desinstalar:
      >> sudo apt-get remove abiword abiword-common abiword-help abiword-plugins anthy gnumeric-common gnumeric-gtk gqview gtk2-engines-xfce im-switch latex-xft-fonts libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libanthy0 libbeecrypt6 libchewing-data libchewing2 libenchant1c2a libexo-0.3-0 libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libgoffice-1-common libgoffice-gtk-1-2 libgsf-gnome-1-113 libgtkmathview0c2a libjpeg-progs libmodplug0c2 libots0 libpcre3 librpm4 libt1-5 libtagc0 libthunar-vfs-1 libwpd-stream8c2a libxcomposite1 libxfce4mcs-client3 libxfce4mcs-manager3 libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 libxine-main1 libxvmc1 mousepad mozilla-thunderbird orage rpm scim-anthy scim-chewing scim-hangul scim-pinyin thunar thunar-media-tags-plugin xarchiver xfburn xfce4-appfinder xfce4-battery-plugin xfce4-clipman-plugin xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-fsguard-plugin xfce4-icon-theme xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-mcs-manager xfce4-mcs-plugins xfce4-mixer xfce4-mixer-alsa xfce4-mount-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-panel xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter-plugin xfce4-session xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-taskmanager xfce4-terminal xfce4-utils xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfdesktop4 xfmedia xfprint4 xfwm4 xfwm4-themes xscreensaver xubuntu-artwork-usplash xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs

Fuente aquí

Por defecto ubuntu trae una versión libre de código abierto de java. Pero si queremos instalar la versión oficial de JDK de Sun (Oracle), tendremos que añadir el repositorio de canonical y luego instalar el paque sun-java6-jdk. Un ejemplo para ubuntu 10.04 sería el siguiente:

>> sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner"
>> sudo aptitude update
>> sudo aptitude install sun-java6-jdk

Si nuestra versión de ubuntu no es la 10.04 (lucid), tendremos que capbiar en el primero comando y poner nuestra versión:

dapper
edgy
feisty
gutsy
hardy
intrepid
jaunty
karmic
lucid
maverick

Click'N'Load es un plugin de JDownloader para descargar varios enlaces a la vez con Jdownloader utilizando Linksave (para encriptar los enlaces) y los contenedores dlc. Una descripción más detallada de Click'N'Load sería la siguiente:

Click'N'Load permite optimizar la usabilidad de Linksave.in al usar JDownloader. Hasta ahora había que descargar un contenedor DLC y abrirlo manualmente. Ahora esto sucede automáticamente. Después de abrir la carpeta Linksave.in se verá un botón Click'N'Load que al pulsarlo, JDownloader abrirá automáticamente todos los enlaces y los mostrará en el recolector de enlaces.

Para usarlo en linux y en firefox tenemos que añadir unas cuantas variables en al configuración de firefox. Para añadir estas variables tenemos que escribir en la barra de direcciones de firefox about:config. Nos dirá que es una zona peligrosa, le decimos que tendremos cuidado. Botón derecho Nuevo y luego a Cadena o Lógico (dependiendo de si el valor que le vamos a poner es una cadena o un booleano). Entonces metemos las siguientes variables y cerramos la pestaña.

network.protocol-handler.app.jd = PATH_TO_SCRIPT/jd.sh
network.protocol-handler.external.jd = true
network.protocol-handler.app.jdlist = PATH_TO_SCRIPT/jd.sh
network.protocol-handler.external.jdlist = true
network.protocol-handler.app.ccf = PATH_TO_SCRIPT/jd.sh
network.protocol-handler.external.ccf = true
network.protocol-handler.app.rsdf = PATH_TO_SCRIPT/jd.sh
network.protocol-handler.external.rsdf = true
network.protocol-handler.app.dlc = PATH_TO_SCRIPT/jd.sh
network.protocol-handler.external.dlc = true

1. Introducción

MySQL es un sistema de gestión de base de datos relacional, multihilo y multiusuario.

2. Instalación y desinstalación

2.1. En linux

2.1.1. Desde los repositorios

2.1.1.1. Instalación

Para instalar mysql desde los repositorios tendremos que instalar los siguientes paquetes ejecutando las siguientes ordenes o instalandolos con nuestro gestor de paquetes gráfico.

El paquete mysql-server es el servidor:

    >> sudo aptitude install mysql-server

Si vamos a usar php5 con mysql tendremos que instalar el paquete php5-mysql que es la extensión que comunica mysql con php5:

    >> sudo aptitude install php5-mysql

También instalaremos el paquete libapache2-mod-auth-mysql que es la extensión que comunica apache con mysql:

    >> sudo aptitude install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql

2.1.1.2. Desinstalación

Si lo hemos desinstalado desde los repositorios, para desinstalarlo tenemos que quitar los paquetes indicados anteriormente:

 >> sudo aptitude purge mysql-server libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql

2.1.2. Desde el código fuente

2.1.2.1. Instalación

Los pasos a seguir para compilar, instalar y configurar mysql son:

1. Crear un usuario y un grupo que se llamen mysql
2. Descomprimir y compilarlo
3. Usar un fichero de configuración por defecto
4. Poner como propietario de los ficheros instalados al usuario y grupo creados para ello
5. Ejecutar el script mysql_install_db indicándole el usuario que tendrá que usar (mysql)
6. Poner como propietario de los ficheros instalados al root menos los de la carpeta var

Hacemos los pasos:

    >> groupadd  mysql
    >> useradd -g mysql mysql
    >> gzip -d mysql-5.0.37.tar.gz
    >> tar -xvf mysql-5.0.37.tar
    >> cd mysql-5.0.37
    >> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
    >> make
    >> sudo make install
    >> sudo cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
    >> cd /usr/local/mysql
    >> sudo chown -R mysql .
    >> sudo chgrp -R mysql .
    >> sudo bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
    >> sudo chown -R root .
    >> sudo chown -R mysql var
    >> sudo bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

2.1.2.2. Desinstalación

Desde la carpeta que hemos descomprimido antes, tendremos que ejecutar el siguiente comando:

    >> sudo make uninstall

3. Configuración

3.1. Conexion remota

Para que mysql acepte peticiones desde otras máquinas tendremos que ir al fichero my.conf y buscar la línea bind-address para sustituir 127.0.0.1 por la ip de la máquina donde hemos instalado mysql. Por ejemplo si lo hemos instalado en una máquina de ip 65.234.132.253 tendremos que editar la línea para dejarla así:

  bind-address = 65.234.132.253

Para poder conectarnos con root a mysql desde otro ordenador tendremos que ejecutar las siguientes ordenes:

  >> mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 33
    Server version: 5.0.75-0ubuntu10.2 (Ubuntu)

    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

  mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'CONTRASEÑA_ROOT' WITH GRANT OPTION;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
  mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3.2. Usuario y contraseña por defecto

Por defecto el usuario es root y no tiene contraseña.

3.3. Cambiar la contraseña del root

Para cambiar la contraseña de root (por ejemplo a clave04root):

    >> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'clave04root'

3.4. Archivo de configuración

El archivo de configuración puede estar en las siguientes rutas:

    /etc/mysql/my.cnf

3.5. Backup sin interrumpir

http://www.howtoforge.com/back_up_mysql_dbs_without_interruptions

OTRA de BACKUP http://www.trensim.com/javierav/archives/70

BACKUP A MAIL http://www.dbrunas.com.ar/article.php/20070306060303695

3.6. Hacer una copia de seguridad

Creamos un arhivo dbbackupdaily.sh y le ponemos el siguiente contenido:

 #!/bin/sh
 #created by Alexander Sea
 #Daily Backup
 #version 1.0
 DIR="path-of-your-backup-folder"
 datestr=$(date +%m-%d-%Y)
 uname="your-mysql-user-name"
 passwd="your-password"

 ##mysql databases
 mysqldump --user=$uname --password=$passwd --opt yourDB1 > $DIR/$datestr-yourMySQLDB1.sql
 mysqldump --user=$uname --password=$passwd --opt yourDB2 > $DIR/$datestr-yourMySQLDB2.sql
 mysqldump --user=$uname --password=$passwd --opt yourDB3 > $DIR/$datestr-yourMySQLDB3.sql
 
 ##postgresql databases
 pg_dump -U postgres yourPGDB > $DIR/$datestr-yourPGDB.sql
 ## END OF THE SCRIPT

Lo añadimos al cron para que lo ejecute diariamente:

  10 1 * * 1-5 sh /DBbackup.sh

3. $ crontab cronweekdays.txt

4. To view the list of cron jobs:

  >> crontab -l

1. Introducción

Apache es un servidor web.

2. Instalación

Para instalarlo tendremos que instalar el paquete apache2 desde nuestro gestor de paquetes gráfico favorito o ejecutando la siguiente orden:

>> sudo aptitude install apache2

3. Uso

• Si lo hemos instalado como servicio:

    >> sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start
    >> sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop
    >> sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

• Si no lo hemos instalado como servicio (standalone):

    >> /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
    >> /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
    >> /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop

4. Configuración

4.1. El fichero de configuración

El fichero de configuración se llama httpd.conf y esta en la siguiente ruta:

    Desde las fuentes     /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
    Desde el repositorio /etc/apache2/httpd.conf

4.2. Directorio raiz por defecto

    Desde las fuentes    /usr/local/apache2/htdocs
    Desde el repositorio /var/www/

4.3. Cambiar el directorio de las páginas web

Modificar en el fichero de configuración /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf la variable DocumentRoot con la ruta nueva:

    DocumentRoot "/media/windows/WEB"

4.4. Seguridad

• La variable ServerTokens nos permite decidir que información dice el servidor. ServerTokens por defecto tiene el valor Full, por seguridad es decir cuanto menos información. Un ejemplo de los valores de esta variable y de sus salidas serian los siguientes:

  Prod: Apache
  Major: Apache/2
  Minor: Apache/2.0
  Minimal: Apache/2.0.55
  OS: Apache/2.0.55 (Debian)
  Full: Apache/2.0.55 (Debian) PHP/5.1.2-1+b1 mod_ssl/2.0.55 OpenSSL/0.9.8b

Por lo que editaremos el fichero /etc/apache2/apache2.conf y pondremos la variable ServerTokens con el valor Prod:

  ServerTokens Prod

• La variable ServerSignature permite la configuración del pie de página que aparece en ciertos mensajes generados por el servidor (mensajes de error, salida de mod_info , etc.). Si se utiliza ServerSignature On, se añade una línea con el número de versión de Apache, el nombre del servidor ServerName, y el email del responsable ServerAdmin. Por ejemplo:

  Not Found
  
  The requested URL /docu/proyecto_web/img34.png was not found on this server.
  
  Apache/2.2.3 (Debian) DAV/2 SVN/1.4.2 mod_fastcgi/2.4.2 PHP/5.2.0-8+etch7 mod_ssl/2.2.3 OpenSSL/0.9.8c Server at www.realidadfutura.com Port 80

Por lo tanto la pondremos en Off. Editaremos el fichero /etc/apache2/apache2.conf y pondremos la variable ServerSignature en Off:

  ServerSignature Off

• Por seguridad es conveniente deshabilitar el método TRACE y dejar solo los que voy a necesitar GET,HEAD, POST y OPTIONS. Esto habra que indicarselo en cada VirtualHost gracias a la variable TraceEnable. Por ejemplo, para deshabilitarlo en el VirtualHost por defecto iremos al archivo /etc/apache2/sites-available/default y dentro de la etiqueta VirtualHost pondremos la variable TraceEnable en Off:

  TraceEnable off

4.5. Impedir que ciertas IPs accedan a una carpeta del servidor

Crear o modificar un archivo de nombre .htaccess en la carpeta e introducirle el siguiente contenido:

    Order Deny,Allow
    Allow from 155.210.155.169
    Deny from all

Para hacerlo de esta forma necesitaremos que este activa la opción AllowOverride de usar archivos .htaccess a un valor distinto a None

4.6. Impedir que otras webs usen nuestras imagenes

A veces otras webs pueden usar imagenes nuestras subidas en nuestro servidor (consumiendo nuestro respectivo ancho de banda). Para evitar esto tendremos que crear o editar el archivo .htaccess en la carpeta principal de nuestra página web y añadir las siguientes líneas:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://tu-dominio.com [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://www.tu-dominio.com [NC]
RewriteRule .*\.(gif|jpg|swf|png|jpeg)$ - [NC,F]

Si ademas queremos que cuando usen una imagen nuestra, les aparezca otra, solo tendremos que cambiar la úlñtima línea por esta otra:

RewriteRule .*\.(gif|jpg|swf|png|jpeg)$ imagen_ladron.jpg [L]

Siendo imagen_ladron.jpg la imagen que queremos que les salga.

4.7. Security enhanced linux

Aveces podemos encontrarnos con el siguiente problema en el apache (aunque tengamos los permisos bien):

  Permission denied: access to /index.html denied

Esto puede deberse a que algunos linux (similares a Red Hat, por ejemplo en Centos 5) implementan últimamente un sistema de seguridad llamado Security-Enhanced Linux.

Security-Enhanced Linux (o SELinux) es una arquitectura de seguridad integrada en el kernel 2.6.x usando los módulos de seguridad linux (o linux security modules, LSM). Este es un proyecto de la Agencia de Seguridad Nacional (NSA) de los Estados Unidos y de la comunidad SELinux. La integración de SELinux en Red Hat Enterprise Linux fue un esfuerzo conjunto entre al NSA y Red Hat

4.7.1. Usarlo

Por ejemplo: si queremos darle permisos al apache para que pueda acceder a una carpeta TU_CARPETA. Primero veremos que no tiene los permisos para que pueda ser accedida por el apache con la siguiente orden:

  >> ls -Z TU_CARPETA
    drwxr-xr-x  root root system_u:object_r:home_root_t    TU_CARPETA

Entonces le daremos los permisos con la siguiente orden:

  >> chcon -R -h -t httpd_sys_content_t TU_CARPETA

Por último comprobaremos que ya tiene los permisos:

  >> ls -Z TU_CARPETA
    drwxrwxrwx  root root root:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t TU_CARPETA

4.7.2. Deshabilitarlo

Para saber si lo tenemos activado tendremos que ejecutar la siguiente orden (si esta off, significa que no esta activado lo que lo deshabilita, lo que quiere decir que esta activado):

  >> getsebool -a | grep httpd
    allow_httpd_anon_write --> off
    allow_httpd_bugzilla_script_anon_write --> off
    allow_httpd_mod_auth_pam --> off
    allow_httpd_nagios_script_anon_write --> off
    allow_httpd_squid_script_anon_write --> off
    allow_httpd_sys_script_anon_write --> off
    httpd_builtin_scripting --> on
    httpd_can_network_connect --> off
    httpd_can_network_connect_db --> off
    httpd_can_network_relay --> off
    httpd_disable_trans --> off
    httpd_enable_cgi --> on
    httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
    httpd_enable_homedirs --> on
    httpd_rotatelogs_disable_trans --> off
    httpd_ssi_exec --> off
    httpd_suexec_disable_trans --> off
    httpd_tty_comm --> on
    httpd_unified --> on

Activamos la opción de deshabilitar y comprobamos que se ha activado:

  >> setsebool -P httpd_disable_trans 1
  >> getsebool -a | grep httpd
    allow_httpd_anon_write --> off
    allow_httpd_bugzilla_script_anon_write --> off
    allow_httpd_mod_auth_pam --> off
    allow_httpd_nagios_script_anon_write --> off
    allow_httpd_squid_script_anon_write --> off
    allow_httpd_sys_script_anon_write --> off
    httpd_builtin_scripting --> on
    httpd_can_network_connect --> off
    httpd_can_network_connect_db --> off
    httpd_can_network_relay --> off
    httpd_disable_trans --> on
    httpd_enable_cgi --> on
    httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
    httpd_enable_homedirs --> on
    httpd_rotatelogs_disable_trans --> off
    httpd_ssi_exec --> off
    httpd_suexec_disable_trans --> off
    httpd_tty_comm --> on
    httpd_unified --> on

Por último reiniciamos el apache para que tenga efecto:

  >> sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
    Parando apache2:                                             [  OK  ]
    Iniciando apache2:                                           [  OK  ]

5. Problemas

5.1. External APR-util

 Puede ser que apache nos de un erro como el siguiente:

    configure: error: Cannot use an external APR-util with the bundled APR

5.1.1. Solución

Para solucionar este error, tendremos que instalar el paquete libaprutil1-dev:

    >> sudo aptitude install  libaprutil1-dev

1. Introducción

En Ubuntu hay muchas maneras de conectarnos por escritorio remoto. La que mas me gusta es con freenx (mas seguro que con VNC y mucho mas rápido). En este articulo veremos como instalarlo, configurarlo y usarlo.

2. Instalación

Tendremos que instalar dos partes. En el ordenador al que nos queremos conectar, tendremos que instalarle el servidor freenx. En el ordenador desde el que nos conectaremos al otro ordenador, tendremos que instalar el cliente nxclient.

2.1. Instalar el servidor

Lo primero que necesitaremos es tener un repositorio que tenga el paquete freenx-server. Si no tenéis ninguno podéis usar este:

  deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/freenx-team/ubuntu TU_DISTRO main
  deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/freenx-team/ubuntu TU_DISTRO main

Dependiendo de vuestra versión de ubuntu cambiareis TU_DISTRO por una de las siguientes que corresponda a vuestra distribución:

• feisty
• gutsy
• hardy
• intrepid
• jaunty
• karmic

Una vez lo tengamos en nuestro repositorio procederemos a instalarlo con las siguientes ordenes:

  >> sudo aptitude update
  >> sudo aptitude upgrade
  >> sudo aptitude install freenx-server

Ahora tendremos que decidir que usuarios tendrán permisos para poder acceder por terminal server. Para añadir un usuario de nick TU_USUARIO tendremos que ejecutar la siguiente orden:

  >> sudo /usr/bin/nxserver --useradd TU_USUARIO --system --administrator

2.2. Instalar el cliente

Para instalar el cliente tendremos que ir a la web http://www.nomachine.com e ir a la sección de descargas y seleccionar el programa NX Client y para que Sistema Operativo lo necesitamos (Windows o Linux), y si es para linux elegiremos después la versión para Ubuntu NX Client DEB for Linux.

Después de bajarlo lo instalaremos. Para instalarlo en Ubuntu desde consola tendremos que ejecutar la siguiente orden:

  >> sudo dpkg -i nxclient_3.2.0-9_i386.deb

3. Configuración

3.1. Establecer el puerto donde sshd esta escuchando

Freenx una sshd para establecer las conexiones con más seguridad. Por ello tiene que saber en que puerto esta escuchando sshd. Por defecto piensa que está en el 22, pero si esta en otro puerto, tendremos que indicarselo. Para ello tendremos que editar el fichero /etc/nxserver/node.conf y descomentaremos la variable SSHD_PORT y le pondremos el valor de nuestro puerto.

Por ejemplo, si nuestro servidor sshd esta escuchando en el puerto 4022, tendremos que dejar la línea así:

SSHD_PORT=4444

Introducción

Para ver las temperaturas de la placa base, procesator, etc, en un ubuntu, disponemos de un programa llamado lm-sensors.

Instalación

Para instalar el programa lm-sensors tendremos que instalar el paquete de nombre lm-sensors desde nuestro gestor de paquetes gráfico favorito o ejecutando el siguiente comando:

    >> sudo aptitude install lm-sensors

Ejecución

Una vez lo tengamos ya instado, podemos ver las temperaturas ejecutando el siguiente comando:

    >> sensors
   
      it8712-isa-0290
      Adapter: ISA adapter
      VCore 1: +1.34 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +4.08 V)
      VCore 2: +2.58 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +4.08 V)
      +3.3V: +3.38 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +4.08 V)
      +5V: +3.79 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +6.85 V)
      +12V: +11.90 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +16.32 V)
      -12V: -8.22 V (min = -27.36 V, max = +3.93 V)
      -5V: -4.29 V (min = -13.64 V, max = +4.03 V)
      Stdby: +4.41 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +6.85 V)
      VBat: +4.08 V
      fan1: 2556 RPM (min = 0 RPM, div = 8)
      fan2: 0 RPM (min = 0 RPM, div = 8)
      fan3: 0 RPM (min = 0 RPM, div = 8)
      M/B Temp: +25°C (low = +127°C, high = +127°C) sensor = thermistor
      CPU Temp: +39°C (low = +127°C, high = +127°C) sensor = thermistor
      Temp3: +71°C (low = +127°C, high = +127°C) sensor = thermistor

Configuración

• El archivo de configuración

    /etc/sensors.conf

• Detectar los sensores que tenemos:

    >> sudo sensors-detect

Ejemplo

Por ejemplo, para la placa Gigabyte GA-K8NF-9 (rev1):

Ejecutamos >> sudo sensors-detect y nos dice que tenemos los siguientes sensores:

    To make the sensors modules behave correctly, add these lines to
    /etc/modules:
    
    #----cut here----
    # I2C adapter drivers
    i2c-nforce2
    # Chip drivers
    eeprom
    # Warning: the required module k8temp is not currently installed
    # on your system. For status of 2.6 kernel ports check
    # http://www.lm-sensors.org/wiki/Devices. If driver is built
    # into the kernel, or unavailable, comment out the following line.
    pca9540
    k8temp
    it87
    #----cut here----

Probamos si tenemos los modulos que nos dice:

    >> sudo modprobe i2c-nforce2
    >> sudo modprobe eeprom
    >> sudo modprobe pca9540
    >> sudo modprobe k8temp
    >> sudo modprobe it87
    >> sudo depmod -a

Entonces probamos si funciona:

    >> sensors
    
    k8temp-pci-00c3
    Adapter: PCI adapter
    Core0 Temp:
                 +49°C
    
    it8712-isa-0290
    Adapter: ISA adapter
    VCore 1:   +1.36 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +4.08 V)
    VCore 2:   +2.58 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +4.08 V)
    +3.3V:     +3.36 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +4.08 V)
    +5V:       +5.24 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +6.85 V)
    +12V:     +11.97 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max = +16.32 V)
    -12V:     -11.16 V  (min = -27.36 V, max =  +3.93 V)
    -5V:       -1.59 V  (min = -13.64 V, max =  +4.03 V)
    Stdby:     +4.09 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +6.85 V)
    VBat:      +4.08 V
    fan1:     2766 RPM  (min =    0 RPM, div = 8)
    fan3:        0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM, div = 8)
    M/B Temp:    +25°C  (low  =  +127°C, high =  +127°C)   sensor = thermistor
    CPU Temp:    +46°C  (low  =  +127°C, high =  +127°C)   sensor = thermistor
    Temp3:       +72°C  (low  =  +127°C, high =  +127°C)   sensor = thermistor

Si todo ha funcionado tenemos que ir al archivo /etc/modules y añadimos los sensores que no han dado error con modprobe:

    i2c-nforce2
    eeprom
    k8temp
    it87 

Abrir puertos

Puede darse el caso de que nos encontremos con la necesidad de tener que acceder a un puerto de nuestra máquina virtual desde el exterior (Por ejemplo, si queremos acceder por ssh a la máquina virtual el puerto 22 tendrá que ser accesible desde el exterior). Para configurar esto no hay de momento forma de hacerlo con la interfaz gráfica de Virtualbox, pero se puede hacer por línea de comandos. Para abrir un puerto al exterior de una máquina virtual (Por ejemplo de nombre windows) tendremos que crear una regla (Por ejemplo, de nombre apache) para abrir un puerto de la máquina virtual (Por ejemplo el 80) para un protocolo (Por ejemplo, TCP) en un puerto de la máquina donde esta instalado el virtualbox (Por ejemplo, el 20080). De esta manera cuando accedamos al puerto que le indiquemos de la máquina que tiene instalado el VirtualBox, estaremos accediendo al puerto indicado de la maquina virtual.

Para hacer esto tendremos que apagar la máquina virtual (apagarlo, no pausarlo). Después ejecutaremos las siguientes ordenes:

  >> VBoxManage setextradata "windows" "VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/apache/Protocol" TCP
  >> VBoxManage setextradata "windows" "VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/apache/GuestPort" 80
  >> VBoxManage setextradata "windows" "VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/apache/HostPort" 20080

Si nos fijamos en cada línea, veremos que ponemos pcnet. Esto es el dispositivo de red que esta usando la máquina virtual para emular una tarjeta de red del tipo que le hemos dicho en la configuración. Dependiendo de un tipo u otro, tendremos que poner una cadena u otra. Los posibles tipos que hay son los siguientes:

• Intel Network Adapter: e1000
• PCNet: pcnet
• ...

Para comprobar que se ha introducido bien podemos listar todas propiedades de la maquina virtual (Por ejemplo para la máquina de nombre windows):

  >> VBoxManage getextradata windows enumerate
    VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 1.5.6_OSE
    (C) 2005-2008 innotek GmbH
    All rights reserved.
    
    Key: GUI/LastWindowPostion, Value: 425,339,644,531,max
    Key: GUI/Fullscreen, Value: off
    Key: GUI/Seamless, Value: off
    Key: GUI/AutoresizeGuest, Value: on
    Key: GUI/LastCloseAction, Value: save
    Key: VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/apache/Protocol, Value: TCP
    Key: VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/apache/GuestPort, Value: 80
    Key: VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/apache/HostPort, Value: 20080

Como podemos observar aparecen las propiedades que hemos introducido.

Problemas

Error get MAC

Al encender la máquina virtual después de haber abierto puertos, nos indica este error:

Configuration error: Failed to get the "MAC" value.
VBox status code: -2103 (VERR_CFGM_VALUE_NOT_FOUND).

Solución

Este error aparece cuando abrimos los puertos indicando una tarjeta de red que no es la que le hemos indicado en la configuración a la máquina (pcnet, e1000, ...). Para solucionarlo tendremos que cambiar la tarjeta de red en la configuración de la máquina virtual por la correspondiente que hayamos puesto al abrir el puerto. O sino borrar los datos del puerto abierto y volverlo a poner para la tarjeta de red correcta. (Para mas información leer la guia de esta página)

Fuente

Introducción

Aquí recopilaré la lista de programas que yo me instalo siempre en mi linux y recomiendo usar. Con el tiempo pueden cambiar por lo que lo mantendré actualizado. Los agrupare por categorías. Aquí los tenéis:

Programas

Actualizado a día 11-02-2010

Internet

• Cliente de mensajería instantánea: Pidgin
  • Plugin de twitter: pidgin-mbpurple
  • Plugin de facebook: pidgin-facebookchat
• Navegador web: Firefox
  • Extensión para ver tus favoritos de delicious: Delicious Bookmarks
  • Extensión para usar sesiones: Session Manager
  • Extensión para no mostrar los archivos flash si no le decimos explicitamente: Flashblock
  • Extensión para sincronizar las pestañas entre varios ordenadores: Weave Sync
• Cliente de correo electrónico: Evolution
• Cliente de ftp: Filezilla
• Cliente de descargas de archivos megaupload, rapidshare, ... : Tucan
• Cliente de Bittorrent: Transmission
• Cliente de emule: mldonkey con su cliente sancho
• Cliente de freenx (escritorio remoto en linux): nxclient

Imagen

• Editor de imágenes: Gimp
  • Plugin save-to-web (incluido en el paquete gimp-plugin-registry)

Sonido

• Reproductor de música: (aun por decidir)
• Editor de tags de mp3: easytag

Video

• Reproductor de videos: Totem
• Editor de video: Avidemux
• Información de archivos de video: MediaInfo
• Visor de television TDT: Kaffeine
• Codecs:
  • Para ver dvds encriptados: libdvdcss2
  • Formatos no nativos para linux: w32codecs o w64codecs (dependiendo de tu version de linux)
  • Demás codecs: gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad, gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse, gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly, gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse, gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg

Programación

• Entorno de programación: eclipse

Utilidades

• Grabador de CD-DVD: Nero
• Visor de tamaño de carpetas gráfico:  Fileligh
• Máquinas virtuales: VirtualBox
• Editor de particiones: Gparted
  • Para modificar y comprobar particiones ntfsprogs
• Visor de archivos comprimidos: file-roller
  • Para leer y crear archivos rar: rar
• Partir o unir archivos: Dalle
• Escaner de virus: clamav y su interfaz clamtk
• Cliente de ldap: lat
• Escaneo de vulnerabilidades: nessus

Ofimática

• Editor de texto: OpenOffice
• Hojas de calculo: OpenOffice
• Editor de presentaciones: OpenOffice

Bases de datos

• Administrar mysql: mysql-admin y mysql-query-browser
• Administrar postgresql: pgadmin3
• Cliente de oracle: sqldeveloper (bajar el rpm y convertirlo con alien)

Juegos

• Osmos
• UltraStar- NG (programa parecido al Sing Star): ultrastar-ng
• crack-attack
• Aquaria
• Galcon Fusion
• Irukandji
• Slide Colors

Xbox360

• Detectar juegos Stealth: abgx360

Introducción

Hoy os vamos a explicar otra manera de recuperar archivos rar dañados comprimidos en volumenes. Hace unos días os explicamos como hacerlo usando archivos par2 y hoy os vamos a explicar como hacerlo con volúmenes de recuperación (extensión rev).

Los volúmenes de recuperación o fichero .rev son ficheros especiales que pueden ser creados por WinRAR y que permiten reconstruir volúmenes ausentes o dañados. Solo pueden usarse con archivos multivolumen.

Creación de los ficheros de recuperación

Vamos a crear 10 archivos de recuperación a partir del fichero comprimido en volumenes. Para ello le pasaremos el parámetro rv seguido del numero de ficheros que queremos crear (en nuestro caso 10) y luego pondremos el nombre del primer fichero del volumen (en nuestro caso prueba.part01.rar)

>> rar rv10 prueba.part01.rar
 
RAR 3.80   Copyright (c) 1993-2008 Alexander Roshal   16 Sep 2008
Shareware version         Type RAR -? for help
 
Creating prueba.part01.rev
Creating prueba.part02.rev
Creating prueba.part03.rev
Creating prueba.part04.rev
Creating prueba.part05.rev
Creating prueba.part06.rev
Creating prueba.part07.rev
Creating prueba.part08.rev
Creating prueba.part09.rev
Creating prueba.part10.rev 100%
Done

Recuperación de un archivo dañado

Imaginemos que tenemos un archivo rar comprimido en volúmenes pero que nos faltan dos de esos volúmenes. Si tenemos los archivos de revisión (extensión rev) podremos intentar recuperar los archivos perdidos con ellos. Para ello tendremos que poner el parámetro rc seguido del nombre del primer archivo del volumen (en nuestro caso prueba.part01.rar)

>> rar rc prueba.part01.rar
  
RAR 3.80   Copyright (c) 1993-2008 Alexander Roshal   16 Sep 2008
Shareware version         Type RAR -? for help
 
Calculating control sums of all volumes.
5 recovery volumes found
Cannot find volume prueba.part12.rar
Cannot find volume prueba.part71.rar
2 volumes missing
Reconstructing... 100%
Done

Como podemos ver se han podido recuperar.